TABLE 3.
Changes in lifestyle risk factors: comparing the source population with the study population
| Source population (%)
|
Study population (%)
|
Comparison of study and source populations
|
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proportion with lifestyle risk factor
|
ARR | RRR | Proportion with lifestyle risk factor
|
ARR | RRR | After* |
Before† |
|||||
| Before | After | Before | After | P CMH | Homogeneity | P CMH | Homogeneity | |||||
| Smoking | ||||||||||||
| 1994–96 | 27.7 | 27.4 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 27.0 | 22.7 | 4.3 | 15.9 | <0.005* | 0.56 | 0.20 | 0.92 |
| 1996–98 | 27.4 | 26.6 | 0.8 | 2.9 | 30.4 | 26.3 | 4.1 | 13.5 | 0.15 | 0.04* | <0.001 | 0.58 |
| 1998–00 | 26.5 | 23.7 | 2.8 | 10.6 | 25.7 | 18.3 | 7.4 | 28.8 | <0.001* | <0.001* | 0.18 | 0.93 |
| 2000–02 | 23.4 | 20.4 | 3.0 | 12.8 | 25.5 | 21.4 | 4.1 | 16.1 | 0.73 | <0.005* | 0.09 | 0.09 |
| Excessive alcohol use (>14 drinks/week for men, >9 drinks/week for women) | ||||||||||||
| 1994–96 | 7.4 | 6.9 | 0.5 | 6.8 | 8.2 | 7.1 | 1.1 | 13.4 | 0.86 | 0.63 | 0.29 | 0.28 |
| 1996–98 | 6.9 | 7.1 | –0.2 | –2.9 | 5.2 | 5.5 | –0.3 | –5.8 | 0.91 | 0.26 | 0.44 | 0.59 |
| 1998–00 | 7.2 | 6.1 | 1.1 | 15.3 | 5.5 | 6.8 | –1.3 | –23.6 | 0.06 | 0.86 | 0.44 | 0.35 |
| 2000–02 | 6.1 | 6.2 | –0.1 | –1.6 | 5.2 | 5.5 | –0.3 | –5.8 | 0.85 | 0.78 | 0.75 | 0.64 |
| Physical inactivity | ||||||||||||
| 1994–96 | 60.4 | 58.4 | 2.0 | 3.3 | 65.7 | 62.7 | 3.0 | 4.6 | 0.91 | 0.53 | 0.07 | 0.90 |
| 1996–98 | 57.8 | 53.9 | 3.9 | 6.7 | 65.2 | 55.0 | 10.2 | 15.6 | 0.34 | 0.57 | 0.02* | 0.26 |
| 1998–00 | 53.3 | 55.5 | –2.2 | –4.1 | 56.6 | 54.8 | 1.8 | 3.2 | 0.32 | 0.11 | 0.55 | 0.46 |
| 2000–02 | 54.9 | 49.2 | 5.7 | 10.4 | 57.3 | 56.7 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 0.05* | 0.26 | 0.53 | 0.65 |
| BMI ≥25 kg/m2 | ||||||||||||
| 1994–96 | 46.0 | 48.2 | –2.2 | –4.8 | 63.0 | 66.1 | –3.1 | –4.9 | <0.001* | 0.25 | <0.001 | 0.05* |
| 1996–98 | 48.1 | 50.7 | –2.6 | –5.4 | 60.7 | 60.4 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.42 | 0.80 | <0.001 | 0.04* |
| 1998–00 | 49.9 | 52.9 | –3.0 | –6.0 | 65.3 | 67.9 | –2.6 | –4.0 | 0.02* | 0.42 | <0.001 | 0.07 |
| 2000–02 | 51.9 | 54.0 | –2.1 | –4.0 | 72.2 | 72.5 | –0.3 | –0.4 | 0.06 | 0.70 | <0.001 | 0.18 |
Absolute risk reduction (ARR) is the absolute risk difference between before and after percentages, while the relative risk reduction (RRR) consists of the ARR as a percentage of the risk factor before hypertension diagnosis.
*The likelihood of the presence of the risk factor after hypertension was diagnosed, adjusted for age, sex and the same lifestyle factor in the previous year;
†The likelihood of the lifestyle factor in the cycle before hypertension was reported, adjusted for age and sex. CMH Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel