TABLE 4.
Changes in lifestyle by antihypertensive medication use
| Presence of lifestyle risk factor
|
ARR, % | RRR, % | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before, n (%) | After, % | ||||
| Total | |||||
| Smoking | 346 (27.0) | 22.1 | 4.9 | 18.2 | <0.001* |
| Excessive alcohol use† | 77 (7.9) | 8.6 | –0.7 | –8.9 | 0.38 |
| Physical inactivity | 765 (60.9) | 56.1 | 4.8 | 7.9 | <0.01* |
| BMI ≥25 kg/m2 | 830 (66.0) | 68.2 | –2.2 | –3.3 | 0.04* |
| BMI ≥30 kg/m2 | 306 (24.3) | 27.1 | –2.8 | –11.5 | 0.02* |
| Using antihypertensive medication | |||||
| Smoking | 200 (26.0) | 19.6 | 6.4 | 24.6 | <0.001* |
| Excessive alcohol use† | 39 (6.8) | 7.5 | –0.7 | –10.3 | 0.65 |
| Physical inactivity | 483 (64.1) | 58.8 | 5.3 | 8.3 | <0.01* |
| BMI ≥25 kg/m2 | 482 (63.8) | 65.8 | –2.0 | –3.1 | 0.23 |
| BMI ≥30 kg/m2 | 179 (23.7) | 26.7 | –3.0 | –12.7 | 0.05* |
| Not using antihypertensive medication | |||||
| Smoking | 146 (28.5) | 25.8 | 2.7 | 9.5 | 0.03* |
| Excessive alcohol use† | 38 (9.5) | 10.2 | –0.7 | –7.4 | 0.43 |
| Physical inactivity | 282 (56.0) | 52.1 | 3.9 | 7.0 | 0.15 |
| BMI ≥25 kg/m2 | 348 (69.2) | 71.7 | –2.5 | –3.6 | 0.06 |
| BMI ≥30 kg/m2 | 127 (25.3) | 27.7 | –2.4 | –9.5 | 0.20 |
Absolute risk reduction (ARR) is the absolute risk difference between before and after percentages, while the relative risk reduction (RRR) consists of the ARR as a percentage of the risk factor before hypertension diagnosis.
*Statistically significant at P≤0.05 as calculated by McNemar’s test;
†Excessive alcohol use was considered to be >14 drinks per week for men and >9 drinks per week for women