Table 2.

Linear regression of neighborhood greenness and residential density on BMI z-scores^a,^b (n=3831)

	Model 1 NDVI		Model 2 residential density		Model 3 NDVI + residential density
	β (95% CI)	p-value	β (95% CI)	p-value	β (95% CI)	p-value
Gender (ref: female)
Male	−0.01 (−0.09, 0.09)	0.98	−0.01 (−0.09, 0.08)	0.94	0.01 (−0.08, 0.09)	0.98
Race/ethnicity (ref: non-Hispanic white)
Non-Hispanic black	0.08 (0.01, 0.16)	0.04	0.05 (−0.02,0.12)	0.20	0.09 (0.01,0.16)	0.03
Hispanic	0.15 (−0.08, 0.37)	0.20	0.15 (−0.07,0.38)	0.18	0.15 (−0.07,0.38)	0.18
Other	0.22 (−0.05, 0.49)	0.11	0.20 (−0.07,0.47)	0.15	0.22 (−0.05,0.49)	0.11
Age (years) (ref: 3–5)
6–10	0.03 (−0.05, 0.11)	0.48	0.03 (−0.05, 0.11)	0.49	0.03 (−0.05, 0.11)	0.48
11–13	0.05 (−0.02, 13)	0.13	0.06 (−0.02, 13)	0.17	0.06 (−0.02, 13)	0.17
14–16	0.03 (−0.05, 0.11)	0.46	0.03 (−0.05, 0.11)	0.45	0.03 (−0.05, 0.11)	0.45
Health insurance type (ref: Medicaid)
Private/other	0.01 (−0.07, 0.09)	0.87	−0.02 (−0.10, 0.06)	0.58	0.01 (−0.07,0.09)	0.86
Tract median family income (log)	0.02 (−0.01, 0.05)	0.30	−0.01 (−0.03,0.03)	0.86	0.01 (−0.02, 0.04)	0.44
Baseline BMI z-score	0.76 (0.69, 0.76)	<0.01	0.73 (0.69, 0.76)	<0.01	0.73 (0.69, 0.76)	<0.01
NDVI	−0.06 (−0.09,−0.02)	<0.01	—	—	−0.07 (−0.11,−0.03)	<0.01
Residential density	—	—	−0.01 (−0.01,0.01)	0.99	−0.01 (−0.01, 0.01)	0.06

^aModels also controlled for index year and race × gender interaction

^bSEs adjusted for neighborhood-level clustering

NDVI, normalized difference vegetation index