Table 3. Univariate and multivariate GEE analysis of frequent cocaine injection (n = 1603).

	Unadjusted Odds Ratio (OR)			Adjusted** Odds Ratio (AOR)
Variable	OR	(95% CI)	p-value	AOR	(95% CI)	p-value
Sex
(Female vs. male)	0.97	(0.84-1.12)	0.698
Age
(per year older)	0.99	(0.98-1.00)	0.037	1.00	0.99 – 1.01	0.985
Ethnicity
(Aboriginal vs. other)	1.13	(0.97 – 1.31)	0.107
DTES residence*
(Yes vs. No)	2.10	(1.88 – 2.32)	<0.001	1.99	(1.62 – 2.46)	<0.001
Incarceration*
(Yes vs. No)	1.81	(1.63 – 2.00)	<0.001	1.29	(1.04 – 1.60)	0.022
Unstable housing*
(Yes vs. No)	1.62	(1.49 - 1.77)	<0.001	1.28	(1.07 – 1.53)	0.006
Sex trade involvement*
(Yes vs. No)	2.37	(2.07 – 2.70)	<0.001	1.46	(1.15 – 1.85)	0.002
Requiring help injecting*
(Yes vs. No)	2.18	(1.96 - 2.42)	<0.001	2.11	(1.35 – 2.58)	<0.001
Syringe borrowing*
(Yes vs. No)	2.11	(1.90 - 2.36)	<0.001	1.81	(1.35 – 2.43)	<0.001
Syringe lending*
(Yes vs. No)	2.09	(1.88 – 2.32)	<0.001	1.10	(0.78 – 1.55)	0.605
Binge drug use*
(Yes vs. No)	2.36	(2.16 - 2.57)	<0.001	2.16	(1.81 – 2.58)	<0.001

^*Refers to previous six months, DTES = Downtown Eastside Residence