. 2008 Oct 30;467(4):1074–1082. doi: 10.1007/s11999-008-0594-8

Table 4.

Comparisons of muscle group architecture

Joint	Muscle group	Mean fiber length (cm)	Total PCSA (cm²)
Ankle	Plantarflexors	4.8 ± 1.1*	124.3 ± 30.4*
Ankle	Dorsiflexors	7.1 ± 1.1	19.7 ± 4.6
Knee	Extensors	9.3 ± 2.1	88.4 ± 30.5^†
Knee	Flexors	9.3 ± 2.6	40.1 ± 13.6
Hip	Extensors	10.5 ± 3.6^‡	73.4 ± 20.5^§
	Flexors	17.4 ± 13.5	35.9 ± 9.0
	Abductors	7.3 ± 1.6^‡	36.0 ± 14.3
	Adductors	16.0 ± 6.0	36.2 ± 10.4

Values expressed as mean ± standard deviation; * significant (p < 0.05) difference between plantarflexors and dorsiflexors; ^†significant (p < 0.05) difference between knee extensors and knee flexors; ^‡significant (p < 0.05) difference between hip flexors, abductors and hip extensors, adductors; ^§significant (p < 0.05) difference between hip extensors and flexors, abductors, adductors.