. 2009 Jan 30;467(4):966–978. doi: 10.1007/s11999-009-0706-0

Table 4.

Comparison of range of motion and strength preoperatively and at 6 months and 2 years postoperatively

Range of motion/strength	Open	Arthroscopic knotted	Arthroscopic knotless	Open versus arthroscopic knotted*	Open versus arthroscopic knotless*	Arthroscopic knotted versus arthroscopic knotless*
Range of motion (°)
Forward flexion
Preoperative	151 ± 4	123 ± 7	146 ± 5.0	p < 0.01	NS	p < 0.05
6 months	163 ± 4^‡	163 ± 4^§	168 ± 2.5^§	NS	p < 0.05	NS
2 years	164 ± 4^‡	165 ± 4^§	165 ± 3^§	NS	NS	NS
External rotation
Preoperative	53 ± 3	47 ± 2	54 ± 2.7	NS	NS	NS
6 months	53 ± 2	66 ± 3^§	69 ± 2.5^§	p < 0.001	p < 0.001	NS
2 years	52 ± 2	62 ± 2^‡	68 ± 3^§	p < 0.001	p < 0.001	NS
Abduction
Preoperative	135 ± 5	112 ± 6	133 ± 5.5	p < 0.05	NS	p < 0.05
6 months	154 ± 4^‡	159 ± 5^§	163 ± 3.3^§	NS	p < 0.05	NS
2 years	149 ± 5^†	141 ± 5^§	152 ± 4^‡	NS	NS	p < 0.05
Strength (N)
Supraspinatus
Preoperative	29 ± 3	23 ± 2	37 ± 3	p < 0.05	NS	p < 0.001
6 months	50 ± 3^§	52 ± 3^§	56 ± 2.8^§	NS	NS	NS
2 years	48 ± 3^§	50 ± 2^§	57 ± 2^§	NS	p < 0.05	p < 0.05
External rotation
Preoperative	39 ± 3	32 ± 2	46 ± 2.7	NS	NS	p < 0.01
6 months	62 ± 4^§	60 ± 3^§	61 ± 2.7^§	NS	NS	NS
2 years	53 ± 4^†	52 ± 3^‡	62 ± 3^§	NS	p < 0.05	p < 0.05
Liftoff
Preoperative	29 ± 2	20 ± 2	29 ± 2.6	p < 0.001	NS	p < 0.01
6 months	45 ± 4^‡	38 ± 3^§	40 ± 2.1^§	NS	NS	NS
2 years	47 ± 4^‡	49 ± 4^§	50 ± 2^§	NS	NS	NS

Values are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean; * comparisons between groups using Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance on ranks and corrected for multiple comparison using Dunn’s method; ^†p < 0.05, ^‡p < 0.01, ^§p < 0.001 using Mann-Whitney rank sum test; NS = no significance.