Table 4.
Range of motion/strength | Open | Arthroscopic knotted | Arthroscopic knotless | Open versus arthroscopic knotted* | Open versus arthroscopic knotless* | Arthroscopic knotted versus arthroscopic knotless* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Range of motion (°) | ||||||
Forward flexion | ||||||
Preoperative | 151 ± 4 | 123 ± 7 | 146 ± 5.0 | p < 0.01 | NS | p < 0.05 |
6 months | 163 ± 4‡ | 163 ± 4§ | 168 ± 2.5§ | NS | p < 0.05 | NS |
2 years | 164 ± 4‡ | 165 ± 4§ | 165 ± 3§ | NS | NS | NS |
External rotation | ||||||
Preoperative | 53 ± 3 | 47 ± 2 | 54 ± 2.7 | NS | NS | NS |
6 months | 53 ± 2 | 66 ± 3§ | 69 ± 2.5§ | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | NS |
2 years | 52 ± 2 | 62 ± 2‡ | 68 ± 3§ | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | NS |
Abduction | ||||||
Preoperative | 135 ± 5 | 112 ± 6 | 133 ± 5.5 | p < 0.05 | NS | p < 0.05 |
6 months | 154 ± 4‡ | 159 ± 5§ | 163 ± 3.3§ | NS | p < 0.05 | NS |
2 years | 149 ± 5† | 141 ± 5§ | 152 ± 4‡ | NS | NS | p < 0.05 |
Strength (N) | ||||||
Supraspinatus | ||||||
Preoperative | 29 ± 3 | 23 ± 2 | 37 ± 3 | p < 0.05 | NS | p < 0.001 |
6 months | 50 ± 3§ | 52 ± 3§ | 56 ± 2.8§ | NS | NS | NS |
2 years | 48 ± 3§ | 50 ± 2§ | 57 ± 2§ | NS | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 |
External rotation | ||||||
Preoperative | 39 ± 3 | 32 ± 2 | 46 ± 2.7 | NS | NS | p < 0.01 |
6 months | 62 ± 4§ | 60 ± 3§ | 61 ± 2.7§ | NS | NS | NS |
2 years | 53 ± 4† | 52 ± 3‡ | 62 ± 3§ | NS | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 |
Liftoff | ||||||
Preoperative | 29 ± 2 | 20 ± 2 | 29 ± 2.6 | p < 0.001 | NS | p < 0.01 |
6 months | 45 ± 4‡ | 38 ± 3§ | 40 ± 2.1§ | NS | NS | NS |
2 years | 47 ± 4‡ | 49 ± 4§ | 50 ± 2§ | NS | NS | NS |
Values are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean; * comparisons between groups using Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance on ranks and corrected for multiple comparison using Dunn’s method; †p < 0.05, ‡p < 0.01, §p < 0.001 using Mann-Whitney rank sum test; NS = no significance.