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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Mar 3.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008 Apr;47(4):390–398. doi: 10.1097/CHI.0b013e31816429c2

Table 4.

Depression in fathers and later emotional and behavioral problems in children

SDQ scale
(n=6092)
Strata Proportion of fathers with
depression in each strata n (%)
Odds Ratio
(95% C.I.)
Adj. Odds Ratio*
(95% C.I.)
Prosocial
(reverse-scored)
1
2
3
4
5
6
83/2485 (3.34)
62/1805 (3.43)
55/1479 (3.72)
33/1051 (3.14)
30/808 (3.71)
40/803 (4.98)




1.33 (1.04, 1.71)




1.29 (1.01, 1.66)
p=0.045
Hyperactivity 1
2
3
4
5
113/3409 (3.31)
90/2520 (3.57)
59/1585 (3.72)
26/660 (3.94)
15/257 (5.84)



1.31 (1.02, 1.69)



1.13 (0.87, 1.45)
p=0.354
Emotional 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
98/2990 (3.28)
67/2106 (3.18)
51/1352 (3.77)
34/838 (4.06)
20/565 (3.43)
16/321 (4.98)
17/259 (6.56)





1.15 (0.89, 1.49)





1.03 (0.80, 1.34)
p=0.806
Conduct 1
2
3
4
5
6
64/2260 (2.83)
81/2328 (3.48)
67/1888 (3.55)
45/1097 (4.10)
21/497 (4.23)
25/361 (6.93)




1.35 (1.05, 1.74)




1.21 (0.94, 1.57)
p=0.133
Peer Problems 1
2
3
4
5
6
122/4060 (3.00)
66/2023 (3.26)
44/1107 (3.97)
30/641 (4.68)
19/304 (6.25)
22/296 (7.43)




1.63 (1.26, 2.11)




1.46 (1.13, 1.90)
p=0.004
Total Problems 1
2
3
4
5
76/2537 (3.00)
73/2309 (3.16)
56/1687 (3.32)
43/1001 (4.30)
55/897 (6.13)



1.47 (1.14, 1.91)



1.25 (0.97, 1.62)
p=0.087
*

adjusted for depression in mother and paternal educational level using Multiple Imputation with Chained Equations (MICE). Odds Ratios in this table represent the odds per each stratum increase.