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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jan 6.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Cell. 2009 Jan 6;15(1):45–56. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.12.006

Figure 2. Cancer-initiating Cells Exhibit Infiltration and Differentiation During Tumor Development.

Figure 2

A. β-galactosidase-positive mutant cells infiltrate into adjacent brain structures, away from their normal neural stem/progenitor niches. A representative X-gal-stained brain tumor section from nestin-creERT2;Nf1flox/+;p53flox/flox;Ptenflox/+;R26-lacZ mouse 8 months after tumor suppressor inactivation shows tumor cells found outside their original locations in the SVZ/SGZ niches (compared to Figure 1B). β-galactosidase-positive tumor cells, shown here expressing Gfap, nestin, and PDGFRα, are found elsewhere in the forebrain, such as the cortex and striatum. B. Marked astrocytoma cells expressing multi-lineage markers are found in the tumor bulk. β-galactosidase-positive tumor cells in inducible mutant mice, shown here in the thalamus, express markers of neuronal (Tuj1), and glial (S100β and APC) differentiation. Toto-3 marks cell nuclei.