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Influence of tiotropium on the production of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 (a) and TIMP-2 (b) from lung fibroblasts in response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α stimulation. Cells (5 × 105 cells/ml) were stimulated with 25.0 ng/ml TNF-α in the presence of various concentrations of tiotropium for 24 h. TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 levels in culture supernatants were examined by ELISA. Data are expressed as the mean ng/ml + SE of five different subjects.
