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Influence of tiotropium on mRNA expression for tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 (a) and TIMP-2 (b) in lung fibroblasts in response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α stimulation. Cells (5 × 105 cells/ml) were stimulated with 25.0 ng/ml TNF-α in the presence of various concentrations of tiotropium for 4 h. mRNA expression was examined by real-time RT-PCR. Data are expressed as the mean ratio + SE of five different subjects.
