Table 2.
Comparison of demographic and behavioral characteristics of 737 HIV-positive and HIV–negative female sex workers and comparison of sex workers working in higher or lower risk venues.*
| HIV test status | Sex work venue‡ | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and behavioral characteristics | HIV positive
(N=76) F (row %) |
P-value | Higher risk
(N=279) F (column %) |
Lower risk
(N=458) F (column %) |
P-value | |
| Age (years) | 16–20 † | 14 (6.2) | 88 (31.5) | 137 (29.9) | ||
| 21–25 | 22 (8.6) | 0.3862 | 81 (29.0) | 174 (38.0) | 0.1037 | |
| 26–52 | 40 (15.6) | 0.0013 | 110 (39.5) | 147 (32.1) | 0.4580 | |
| Nationality | Han † | 48 (9.8) | 186 (66.7) | 306 (66.8) | ||
| Other | 28 (11.4) | 0.5207 | 93 (33.3) | 152 (33.2) | 1.0000 | |
| Registered permanent residence | Outside Yunnan † | 4 (2.8) | 40 (14.3) | 105 (22.9) | ||
| Other cities in Yunnan | 21 (7.1) | 0.0790 | 114 (40.9) | 181 (39.5) | 0.0255 | |
| Kaiyuan city | 51 (17.1) | < 0.0001 | 125 (44.8) | 172 (37.6 | 0.0033 | |
| Education level | <9 years † | 40 (10.3) | 164 (58.8) | 223 (48.7) | ||
| ≥9 years | 36 (10.3) | 1.0000 | 115 (41.2) | 235 (51.3) | 0.0079 | |
| Marital status | Single or cohabitation † | 57 (11.0) | 200 (71.7) | 316 (69.0) | ||
| Married, separated, divorced, or widowed | 19 (8.6) | 0.3564 | 79 (28.3) | 142 (31.0) | 0.4567 | |
| Residence type | Apartment † | 38 (7.7) | 167 (59.9) | 324 (70.7) | ||
| Family home | 16 (27.1) | <0.0001 | 23 (8.2) | 36 (7.9) | 0.4703 | |
| Brothel or other working location | 22 (11.8) | 0.1291 | 89 (31.9) | 98 (21.4) | 0.0014 | |
| Entertainment venue | Lower risk † | 26 (5.7) | -- | -- | -- | |
| Higher risk | 50 (17.9) | <0.0001 | -- | -- | -- | |
| Tooth extracted or filled | No † | 57 (9.3) | 234 (83.9) | 380 (83.0) | ||
| Yes | 19 (15.4) | 0.0503 | 45 (16.1) | 78 (17.0) | 0.8387 | |
| Tattoo | No † | 35 (8.0) | 160 (57.4) | 276 (60.3) | ||
| Yes | 41 (13.6) | 0.0188 | 119 (42.6) | 182 (39.7) | 0.4408 | |
| Blood transfusion | No † | 72 (10.0) | 272 (97.5) | 442 (96.5) | ||
| Yes | 4 (17.4) | 0.2839 | 7 (2.5) | 16 (3.5) | 0.5190 | |
| Drug use (ever) ‡ | Non-drug user † | 32 (5.2) | 202 (72.4) | 415 (90.6) | ||
| Non-injection illegal drug user | 10 (19.6)* | <0.0001 | 27 (9.7) | 24 (5.2) | 0.0053 | |
| Injection drug user | 34 (49.3)* | <0.0001 | 50 (17.9) | 19 (4.2) | <0.0001 | |
| Duration of commercial sex work (years) | <1 year † | 14 (5.6) | 85 (30.5) | 163 (35.6) | ||
| 1–2 years | 21 (7.4) | 0.4849 | 98 (35.1) | 186 (40.6) | 1.0000 | |
| 3–4 years | 9 (9.3) | 0.2349 | 41 (14.7) | 56 (12.2) | 0.1732 | |
| ≥5 years | 32 (29.6) | <0.0001 | 55 (19.7) | 53 (11.6) | 0.0045 | |
| Number of clients previous week | <7 † | 51 (8.6) | 184 (66.0) | 411 (89.7) | ||
| ≥7 | 25 (17.6) | 0.0031 | 95 (34.0) | 47 (10.3) | <0.0001 | |
| Always used condom with every client in previous week | Yes † | 56 (9.1) | 212 (76.0) | 404(88.2) | ||
| No | 20 (16.5) | 0.0209 | 67 (24.0) | 54 (11.8) | <0.0001 | |
| Always used condom with regular partner in previous week | Yes † | 7 (11.5) | 20 (15.6) | 41 (16.1) | ||
| No | 31 (9.3) | 0.6424 | 108 (84.4) | 214 (83.9) | 1.0000 | |
| Vaginal douching | No † | 6 (5.1) | 47 (16.9) | 70 (15.3) | ||
| Yes | 70 (11.3) | 0.0464 | 232 (83.1) | 388 (84.7) | 0.6039 | |
| Syphilis infection | No † | 70 (10.3) | 252 (90.3) | 430 (93.9) | ||
| Yes | 6 (10.9) | 0.8187 | 27 (9.7) | 28 (6.1) | 0.0833 | |
| C. trachomatis infection | No † | 62 (10.1) | 196 (70.3) | 350 (76.4) | ||
| Yes | 14 (7.3) | 0.1292 | 83 (29.7) | 108 (23.6) | 0.0690 | |
| N. gonorrheae infection | No † | 74 (10.9) | 251 (90.0) | 425 (92.8) | ||
| Yes | 2 (3.3) | 0.0752 | 28 (10.0) | 33 (7.2) | 0.2144 | |
| T. vaginalis infection | No † | 61 (9.3) | 248 (88.9) | 411 (89.7) | ||
| Yes | 15 (19.2) | 0.0101 | 31 (11.1) | 47 (10.3) | 0.7129 | |
| HSV-2 antibody positive | No † | 10 (4.3) | 71 (25.5) | 164 (35.8) | ||
| Yes | 66 (13.2) | <0.0001 | 208 (74.5) | 294 (64.2) | 0.0034 | |
*
Fisher exact or t-test were used to compare HIV-positive and –negative subjects and to compare FSWs working in higher and lower HIV risk venues.
†
Referent category.
‡
Use of non-injection illegal drugs was based on both self-report and/or positive urine opiate testing; use of injection drugs was based only on self-report.