Table 3.
Associations Between Infant Sleep Duration and Television Viewing With Child Anthropometry at Age 3 Yearsa
|
Sleep and Television Viewing Duration Groups |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multivariate-Adjusted Anthropometric Outcome at Age 3 yb | High Sleep, Low Television (n = 477) | High Sleep, High Television (n = 85) | Low Sleep, Low Television (n = 242) | Low Sleep, High Television (n = 54) |
| BMI z score, β (95% CI) | 0 [Reference] | 0.19 (−0.04 to 0.41) | 0.16 (0.01 to 0.31) | 0.35 (0.09 to 0.62) |
| Sum of SS and TR skinfold thicknesses, β (95% CI) | 0 [Reference] | 0.27 (−0.69 to 1.24) | 0.61 (−0.05 to 1.27) | 1.62 (0.47 to 2.78) |
| Ratio of SS and TR skinfold thicknesses, β (95% CI) | 0 [Reference] | −0.01 (−0.05 to 0.03) | 0.01 (−0.02 to 0.04) | 0.04 (−0.01 to 0.09) |
| Overweight, OR (95% CI)c | 1 [Reference] | 1.91 (0.69 to 5.28) | 1.83 (0.87 to 3.85) | 5.93 (2.03 to 17.30) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by the height in meters squared); CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; SS, subscapular; TR, triceps.
a
Groups are split above and below sleep duration of 12 h/d and above and below television viewing of 2 h/d.
b
Adjusted for maternal education, income, prepregnancy BMI, marital status, prenatal smoking history, and breastfeeding duration and child's race/ethnicity, daily active play, birth weight, and 6-month weight-for-length z score.
c
Comparing BMI at the 95th percentile or higher vs BMI at the 5th percentile to lower than the 85th percentile.