Table 2.
Prevalence of potential confounders by substantiated maltreatment (N=6621).
| N |
Any substantiated maltreatment |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| None (%) | Non-maternal (%) | Maternal (%) | ||
|
1. Prenatal maternal sociodemographic factors | ||||
| Maternal age (years) | ||||
| 13−19 | 1010 | 88.9 | 2.9 | 8.2 |
| 20−34 | 5308 | 94.8 | 1.7 | 3.5 |
| > 34 | 303 | 96.7 | 2.6 | 0.7 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 5056 | 95.8 | 1.6 | 2.5 |
| Unmarried cohabitation | 714 | 89.5 | 2.4 | 8.1 |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 157 | 86.6 | 3.8 | 9.6 |
| Single | 636 | 86.2 | 3.5 | 10.4 |
| Missing data | 58 | 93.1 | 3.4 | 3.4 |
| Education | ||||
| Incomplete high school | 1157 | 89.1 | 3.2 | 7.7 |
| Complete high school | 4227 | 94.4 | 1.9 | 3.7 |
| Post high school | 1196 | 97.3 | 0.8 | 1.8 |
| Missing data | 41 | 92.7 | 4.9 | 2.4 |
| Race | ||||
| Non-aboriginal | 6056 | 94.3 | 1.9 | 3.8 |
| Aboriginal or Pacific Islander | 367 | 88.8 | 2.5 | 8.7 |
| Missing data | 198 | 95.5 | 1.5 | 3.0 |
| Unemployment (either partner) | ||||
| Not unemployed | 5409 | 95.4 | 1.6 | 2.9 |
| Unemployed | 1116 | 87.5 | 3.4 | 9.1 |
| Missing data |
96 |
87.5 |
3.1 |
9.4 |
|
2. Prenatal maternal behaviors/attitudes | ||||
| Cigarette use in early pregnancy | ||||
| Nil | 4123 | 95.6 | 1.5 | 2.9 |
| Light smokers | 1904 | 91.9 | 2.6 | 5.6 |
| Heavy smokers | 527 | 88.8 | 3.2 | 8.0 |
| Missing data | 67 | 95.5 | 0 | 4.5 |
| Binge drinking in pregnancy | ||||
| Never or occasional | 6344 | 94.3 | 1.9 | 3.8 |
| More than half times | 201 | 85.1 | 3.0 | 11.9 |
| Missing data | 76 | 90.8 | 1.3 | 7.9 |
| Anxiety symptoms in pregnancy | ||||
| Not anxious | 5627 | 94.7 | 1.8 | 3.5 |
| Anxious | 813 | 88.9 | 2.8 | 8.2 |
| Missing data | 181 | 95.6 | 1.7 | 2.8 |
| Attitude toward pregnancy | ||||
| Unsure | 1649 | 92.0 | 2.2 | 5.8 |
| Wanted | 3564 | 94.9 | 1.9 | 3.3 |
| Unplanned/unwanted | 1249 | 94.2 | 1.8 | 3.9 |
| Missing data |
159 |
93.1 |
2.5 |
4.4 |
|
3. Infant factors | ||||
| Birth weight (kg) (mean ± SD) | 6620 | 3.40 ± 0.51 | 3.28 ± 0.53 | 3.29 ± 0.57 |
| Infant gender | ||||
| Female | 3172 | 93.5 | 2.2 | 4.3 |
| Male | 3449 | 94.4 | 1.7 | 3.9 |
| Gestation | ||||
| Term | 6356 | 94.2 | 1.9 | 3.9 |
| Preterm (<37 weeks gestation) | 265 | 89.4 | 3.0 | 7.5 |
| Intensive care nursery admission | ||||
| No admission | 6154 | 94.2 | 1.9 | 3.9 |
| Admission | 464 | 90.9 | 2.4 | 6.7 |
| Missing data |
3 |
100.0 |
0 |
0 |
|
4. Post birth maternal behaviors/attitudes (6 months) | ||||
| Mother-infant separation | ||||
| >20 hours/week | 232 | 89.2 | 3.0 | 7.8 |
| 5−20 hours/week | 610 | 92.1 | 2.5 | 5.4 |
| <4 hours/week | 2495 | 94.0 | 1.8 | 4.2 |
| Never | 3263 | 94.8 | 1.9 | 3.3 |
| Missing data | 21 | 81.0 | 0 | 19.0 |
| Maternal employment | ||||
| Homemaker | 4892 | 95.0 | 1.8 | 3.1 |
| Part-time or self-employed | 591 | 95.8 | 1.0 | 3.2 |
| Full-time employed | 212 | 92.0 | 3.3 | 4.7 |
| Other (pension, student, unemployed) | 877 | 87.7 | 3.0 | 9.4 |
| Missing data | 49 | 91.8 | 0 | 8.2 |
| Maternal stimulation/teaching of baby | ||||
| Not always | 965 | 93.8 | 2.1 | 4.1 |
| Always | 5639 | 94.0 | 1.9 | 4.1 |
| Missing data | 17 | 100.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Positive about caring for baby | ||||
| Not always | 395 | 92.7 | 1.8 | 5.6 |
| Mostly | 3643 | 93.7 | 2.2 | 4.1 |
| Always | 2567 | 94.6 | 1.6 | 3.7 |
| Missing data | 16 | 100.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Depression | ||||
| Not depressed | 6288 | 94.3 | 1.8 | 3.9 |
| Depressed | 308 | 88.6 | 4.2 | 7.1 |
| Missing data | 25 | 92.0 | 0 | 8.0 |