Table 2.

Hemodynamic parameters in young control (YC), old control (OC), and old exercise-trained rats (OT) measured using the Millar pressure-volume conductance catheter system

Values are mean±SE. HR, heart rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure; LVSP, left ventricular (LV) systolic pressure; LVEDP, LV end-diastolic pressure; CI, cardiac index; EF, ejection fraction; SWI, stroke work index; +dP/dt and -dP/dt, maximal slope of the systolic pressure increment and diastolic pressure decrement, respectively; τ, time constant of LV pressure decay; SV, stroke volume; LVEDV, LV end-diastolic volume; LVESV, LV end-systolic volume; EDPVR, end-diastolic pressure-volume relation; ESPVR, end-systolic pressure-volume relation.