Table 1.
Demographic and lifestyle characteristics according to symptoms of depression among study participants
| Characteristics | Depression* | P-value | |
|
No (N = 899) n (%) |
Yes(N = 277) n (%) |
||
| Age (yr)α | 21.5 ± 0.1 | 21.6 ± 0.2 | 0.181 |
| College Education Level** | |||
| Freshman | 345 (38.5) | 111 (40.4) | 0.824 |
| Sophomore | 179 (20.0) | 48 (17.3) | |
| Junior | 226 (25.2) | 71 (25.6) | |
| Senior | 146 (16.3) | 45 (16.2) | |
| Religion | |||
| Orthodox | 489 (54.4) | 144 (52.4) | 0.194 |
| Protestant | 268 (29.8) | 88 (31.8) | |
| Muslim | 72 (8.0) | 15 (5.4) | |
| Other | 60 (6.7) | 28 (10.1) | |
| Childhood Residence | |||
| Rural | 427 (47.9) | 141 (51.5) | 0.298 |
| Urban | 465 (52.1) | 133 (48.5) | |
| Khat chewing | |||
| No | 613 (69.5) | 176 (65.2) | 0.104 |
| Yes | 269 (30.5) | 94 (34.8) | |
| Smoking | |||
| No | 747 (88.0) | 214 (81.4) | 0.005 |
| Yes | 102 (12.0) | 49 (18.6) | |
| Alcohol Drinking | |||
| No | 447 (52.5) | 126 (48.1) | 0.121 |
| Yes | 405 (47.5) | 136 (51.9) | |
| Witnessing Parental Violence | |||
| No | 556 (75.0) | 148 (65.5) | 0.005 |
| Yes | 185 (25.0) | 78 (34.5) | |
| Negative Life Events | |||
| None | 156 (17.4) | 18 (6.5) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 98 (10.9) | 20 (7.2) | |
| 2 | 98 (10.9) | 34 (12.3) | |
| 3 | 112 (12.5) | 47 (17.0) | |
| ≥4 | 435 (48.4) | 158 (57.0) | |
α Mean ± SEM
*No (Score < 9) and Yes (Score ≥ 10)
**Numbers/percentages may not add up to the total number due to missing data