Fig. 1.

Experimental task schematic and behavioral results in Experiments 1 and 2. The cueing stimulus (Experiment 1: ×, +, #; Experiment 2: ×, +) was presented at the beginning of each trial. The cue stayed on the screen during the whole cue-target interval. Targets then appeared in the left or right VF, accompanied by a string of ×'s of the same length in the opposite VF. A fixation point was presented at the end of each trial to help participants refocus on the center of the screen. Experiment 2 did not have a neutral cueing condition. Graphs show behavioral performance (mean of median RTs and standard error) in the semantic and spatial attention conditions for Experiment 1 and Experiment 2.