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NAD Biosynthctic Pathways
| NAD Precursor | Pathway | Requirement | Tissue Specificity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tryptophan (W) | de novo | Eight-step pathway | liver, neuronal, and immune cells |
| Nicotinic acid (NA) | Salvage | Three-step Preiss-Handler pathway | liver, kidney, heart, intestine |
| Nicotinamide (NAM) | Salvage | Two-step Nampt pathway | adipose tissue, liver, kidney and immune cells |
| Nicotinamide riboside (NAMR) | Salvage | Nrk pathway or nucleoside phosphorylated and Nampt pathway | neurons, cardiac and skeletal muscle |
