Table 2. Associations of Vascular Cellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and Homocysteine With Plantarflexion Strength in Persons With Peripheral Arterial Disease, With and Without Adjustment for Calf Muscle Characteristics (n = 403)*.
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | Trend p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sVCAM-1 (ng/ml) | ≤857 | 857-1,075 | 1,075-1,361 | >1,361 | |
| Associations with plantarflexion strength (Model I) (newtons) | 372.00 (21.89) | 349.89 (20.19) | 338.61 (21.95) | 286.38 (23.75) | 0.013 |
| Model I with additional adjustment for calf muscle area (newtons) | 364.59 (22.52) | 347.64 (20.04) | 329.42 (22.30) | 294.94 (24.25) | 0.036 |
| Model I with additional adjustment for calf muscle percent fat (newtons) | 366.77 (22.84) | 347.75 (20.31) | 333.85 (22.63) | 287.11 (24.42) | 0.022 |
| Model I with additional adjustment for calf muscle density (newtons) | 365.33 (22.88) | 342.86 (20.53) | 335.81 (22.68) | 293.31 (24.84) | 0.049 |
| Model I with additional adjustment for all calf muscle characteristics (newtons) | 363.74 (22.65) | 345.42 (20.43) | 329.41 (22.55) | 299.04 (24.81) | 0.06 |
| Homocysteine (μmol/l) | ≤8.58 | 8.58-10.83 | 10.83-13.66 | >13.66 | |
| Associations with plantarflexion strength (Model I) (newtons) | 379.12 (20.80) | 323.62 (23.34) | 337.82 (20.73) | 309.76 (22.81) | 0.05 |
| Model I with additional adjustment for calf muscle area (newtons) | 365.91 (21.47) | 318.61 (23.14) | 342.60 (21.05) | 312.17 (23.46) | 0.186 |
| Model I with additional adjustment for calf muscle percent fat (newtons) | 373.97 (21.59) | 319.54 (23.55) | 338.93 (21.35) | 305.70 (23.72) | 0.074 |
| Model I with additional adjustment for calf muscle density (newtons) | 373.64 (21.51) | 315.97 (23.61) | 337.39 (21.26) | 311.63 (24.01) | 0.107 |
| Model I with additional adjustment for all calf muscle characteristics (newtons) | 365.14 (21.51) | 316.72 (23.34) | 341.82 (21.10) | 316.01 (23.82) | 0.235 |
*
Data shown are means and standard errors. Model I adjusts for age, gender, race, body mass index, smoking, comorbidities, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the ankle-brachial index, leg symptoms, and the recruitment cohort.
sVCAM-1 = soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1.