TABLE 3.
Comparisons of neuropsychological scores between preterm and term children at 12 years of chronological age
| Preterm N=375 |
Term N=111 |
Adjusted Mean Difference or Odds Ratio (95%CI) - All children included | Adjusted Mean Difference or Odds Ratio (95%CI) - Children with severe brain injury excluded * | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
n |
|
n |
|
|
|
| LANGUAGE | ||||||
| PPVT-R, mean (SD) | 361 | 92.0 (25.2) | 110 | 105.4 (20.9) | −11.4 (−16.2, −6.6) + | −8.7 (−12.8, −4.5) + |
| PPVT-R <70, No (%) | 48/361 (13.3%) | 4/110 (3.6%) | 5.0 (1.6, 15.3)++ | 4.3 (1.3, 14.5)++ | ||
| CTOPP, mean (SD) | ||||||
| Rapid naming total | 336 | 93.6 (21.4) | 111 | 100.8 (15.6) | −5.6 (−9.9, −1.2) ++ | −3.3 (−7.3, 0.8) |
| Rapid naming <70, No (%) | 45/336 (13.4%) | 4/111 (3.6%) | 3.8 (1.3, 10.8)++ | 2.6 (0.9, 7.8) | ||
| CELF, mean (SD) | ||||||
| Expressive | 331 | 85.8 (19.8) | 110 | 99.53 (15.1) | −11.7 (−15.4, −8.0)+ | −9.9 (−13.4, −6.4)+ |
| Receptive | 331 | 86.9 (21.0) | 110 | 102.66 (17.7) | −13.7 (−17.7, −9.8)+ | −11.7 (−15.4, −7.9)+ |
| Total | 330 | 85.4 (20.0) | 110 | 100.71 (16.1) | −13.2 (−16.9, −9.5)+ | −11.2 (−14.7, −7.7)+ |
| CELF, No (%) | ||||||
| Expressive <70 | 74/331 (22.4%) | 3/110 (2.7%) | 13.2 (3.8, 45.9)+ | 11.1 (3.1, 39.8)+ | ||
| Receptive <70 | 73/331 (22.1%) | 4/110 (3.6%) | 8.8 (3.0, 26.0)+ | 7.4 (2.4, 22.5)+ | ||
| Total <70 | 78/330 (23.6%) | 3/110 (2.7%) | 13.7 (4.0, 46.8)+ | 11.7 (3.3, 41.3)+ | ||
| TOWRE, mean (SD) | ||||||
| Sight word efficiency | 339 | 93.7 (16.7) | 111 | 101.2 (11.9) | −5.7 (−8.9, −2.5)+ | −4.0 (−7.0, −1.0)++ |
| Phonemic decoding | 339 | 91.6 (18.3) | 109 | 100.2 (14.0) | −6.6 (−10.2, −3.0)+ | −5.0 (−8.4, −1.6)++ |
| TOWRE, No (%) | ||||||
| Sight word efficiency < 70 | 34/339 (10.0%) | 0/109 | - | - | ||
| Phonemic decoding < 70 | 44/339 (13.0%) | 1/109 (0.9%) | 17.6 (2.3, 134.7)+ | 14.4 (1.8, 117.5)++ | ||
| Gray Silent Reading Test, mean (SD) | 361 | 88.6 (24.8) | 109 | 104.3 (22.4) | −12.8 (−17.7, −8.0)+ | −11.2 (−16.0, −6.4)+ |
| Gray Silent Reading Test <70, No (%) | 91/361 (25.2%) | 5/109 (4.6%) | 7.1 (2.7, 18.4)+ | 5.9 (2.2, 15.5)+ | ||
| PERCEPTUAL-MOTOR SKILLS | ||||||
| VMI, mean (SD) | 352 | 82.4 (14.0) | 107 | 91.5 (13.7) | −8.3 (−11.2, −5.3)+ | −7.1 (−9.9, −4.2)+ |
| VMI <70, No (%) | 57/352 (16.2%) | 2/107 (1.9%) | 9.5 (2.3, 39.7)+ | 7.3 (1.7, 31.1)++ | ||
Adjustement for male gender, maternal age < 20, maternal years of education, minority status, single-parent household.
*
Severe brain injury: grade 3 and 4 IVH, PVL, grade 2 and above ventriculomegaly
+
p-value < 0.005
++
p-value <0.05