Compound 24 is a mixed agonist of PPARγ and PPARα. (a) HCA7 cells were transfected with control shRNA or shRNAs to PPARγ, PPARα and PPARδ. Cellular protein was isolated (100 μg/lane) and loaded onto a 12.5% SDS-polyacrylamide gel, electrophoresed, and subsequently transferred onto nitrocellulose sheet. Immunoblots were probed with the indicated antibodies. In each case, the shRNA selectively silenced its receptor. (b−d) shRNA expressing cells were transfected with 1.8 μg PPRE luciferase and 0.2 μg pSVβgal. Cells were treated with vehicle, 1 μM troglitazone, or 1 μM 24 (b); vehicle, 2 μM 31 or 1 μM 24 (c); vehicle, 2.5 μM cPGI or 1 μM 24 (d) for 12 h. Luciferase activity represents data that have been normalized to β-galactosidase. Column, means; bars, S.D; n = 6, *, p < 0.05.