(a) NH3/EtOH, 80°C then MeNH2, MeOH; (b) CH3I, NaH, DMF, –40°C; (c) isobutyryl chloride, pyridine, –10°C; (d) NaNO2, aqueous AcOH then Et3N•3HF, Et3N, CH2Cl2; (e) DMTrCl, pyridine; (f) 2-cyanoethyl N,N-diisopropylchlorophosphoramidite chloride, iPr2NEt, DMAP, CH2Cl2.