Table 1. Demographics of the research participants.
| Characteristics | Healthy females | Healthy males | p | Diseased females | Diseased males | p |
| (n = 10) | (n = 9) | (n = 14) | (n = 9) | |||
| Age (years) | 54.3±13.2 | 55.3±17.5 | 0.9 | 51.0±18.5 | 49.0±31.3 | 0.85 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Asian Pacific Islander | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||
| White, non-Hispanic | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Black, non-Hispanic | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | ||
| Hispanic | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||
| Other & Unknown | 4 | 1 | 5 | 5 | ||
| Weight, (kg) | 77.8±18.0 | 76.3±16.8 | 0.86 | 84.1±26.8 | 72.0±26.0 | 0.35 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.9±5.0 | 23.2±4.0 | 0.14 | 32.4±10.6 | 26.0±7.3 | 0.16 |
| HTN | 1 (10%) | 5 (55.6%) | 0.06 | 8 (57.1%) | 4 (44.4%) | 0.68 |
| DM | 0 | 0 | 8 (57.1%) | 5 (55.6%) | ||
| Proteinuria (dipstick) | ||||||
| Negative | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | ||
| 30 mg/dL | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | ||
| 100 mg/dL | 0 | 0 | 4 | 3 | ||
| Unknown | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | ||
| Serum BUN (mg/dL) | 13.7±3.5 | 15.1±4.0 | 0.43 | 21.5±15.8 | 22.0±17.7 | 0.91 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.0±0.3 | 1.2±0.3 | 0.06 | 2.2±2.3 | 1.0±1.1 | 0.38 |
| eGFR (ml/min) | 78.0±32.7 | 77.9±16.5 | 0.99 | 57.6±47.0 | 78.0±56.8 | 0.4 |
| Histology | ||||||
| Normal | 10 | 9 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Diabetic Nephropathy | 5 | 0 | ||||
| FSGS | 2 | 6 | ||||
| Arteriosclerosis | 1 | 0 | ||||
| Global glomerulosclerosis | 4 | 0 | ||||
| Fibrosis | 1 | 2 | ||||
| Unknown | 1 | 1 | ||||
Abbreviations used: BMI: Body Mass Index; DM: Diabetes Mellitus; BUN: Blood Urea Nitrogen; FSGS, Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis. eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) was calculated using the MDRD formula. Student's t-test was used to determine the statistical significance between sexes for age, weight, BMI, BUN, creatinine, eGFR.