Table 1.
Means and Standard Deviations of Variables Used in Analysis: Midlife Development in the U.S. (MIDUS)
| Total (N = 4,242)a | Male (n = 2,155) | Female (n = 2,087) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Self-rated health (0 = worst, 10 = best) | 7.36 (1.65) | 7.38 (1.56) | 7.35 (1.73) |
| Abuse | |||
| Emotional—Mother | .11b | .07 | .15***c |
| Emotional—Father | .15 | .17 | .13*** |
| Emotional—Both | .10 | .10 | .09 |
| Emotional—Other | .23 | .26 | .19*** |
| Emotional—Sibling(s) | .35 | .34 | .35 |
| Physical—Mother | .08 | .06 | .11*** |
| Physical—Father | .08 | .10 | .06*** |
| Physical—Both | .08 | .09 | .11** |
| Physical—Other | .15 | .19 | .10*** |
| Physical—Sibling(s) | .27 | .27 | .27 |
| Psychosocial resources | |||
| Personal control (α = .84) | 66.44 (11.84) | 67.61 (11.15) | 65.24 (12.40)*** |
| Health and health behaviors | |||
| Hypertension or high blood pressure (1 = yes) | .19 | .19 | .18 |
| Diabetes (1 = yes) | .05 | .06 | .05 |
| Cancer (1 = yes) | .07 | .06 | .08 *** |
| Heart trouble (1 = yes) | .13 | .14 | .12* |
| Disability (α = .93) | 4.48 (6.32) | 3.66 (5.80) | 5.31 (6.70)*** |
| Obesity (body mass index ≥ 30) | .21 | .20 | .23 |
| Past smoker | .30 | .33 | .27*** |
| Current smoker | .24 | .24 | .23 |
| Background and status characteristics | |||
| Early financial deprivation (7 = worse than other families) | 3.89 (1.30) | 3.88 (1.28) | 3.90 (1.33) |
| Education (1 = less than high school graduate, 4 = college graduate) | 2.83 (.98) | 2.92 (1.00) | 2.74 (.96)*** |
| Personal income (1 < US $0, 31 = $1,000,000 plus) | 17.99 (9.42) | 21.21 (8.54) | 14.67 (9.14)*** |
| Black (1 = Black) | .06 | .05 | .08** |
| Age (25 to 74 years) | 46.37 (13.37) | 46.08 (13.28) | 46.67 (13.46) |
| Female (1 = female) | .49 | — | — |
a
N of cases given for the total sample. The n for individual items varies because of missing data.
b
Standard deviations not shown for binary variables.
c
Significance values represent mean differences between men and women using chi-square (binary) and t tests (continuous).
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.
***
p < .001.