Table 1.
Demographics, Social, Psychiatric, and Pain History
| Psychopathology Group (N = 86) | ||||
| Variable | Low (n = 37) | Mod (n = 20) | High (n = 29) | Sig1 |
| Age (mean, yrs.)(CI)4 | 64.0 (59.0–69.0) | 56.4 (49.2–63.6) | 58.7 (53.1–64.2) | NS |
| Sex (% female) | 59 | 76 | 63 | NS |
| Work Status (% working)2 | 87 | 95 | 53 | p = .003 |
| WC/Lit (%yes)3 | 5 | 5 | 3 | NS |
| Maritial Status (% married) | 69 | 44 | 59 | NS |
| Pain Duration (mean, yrs)(CI)4 | 6.1 (3.7–8.6) | 7.9 (4.4–11.4) | 7.1 (4.4–9.8) | NS |
| Location (% low back) | 82 | 90 | 93 | NS |
| Previous Spine Surgery (% yes) | 39 | 24 | 40 | NS |
| Hx Smoking (% yes) | 54 | 62 | 47 | NS |
| Prescription Opioids (% yes) | 36 | 33 | 73 | p = .003 |
| Baseline Pain Level (0–10)(CI)4 | 6.1 (5.6–6.7) | 6.8 (6.0–7.5) | 6.2 (5.6–6.8) | NS |
| Facet Loading Signs (% yes) | 38 | 35 | 22 | NS |
| Paraspinal Tenderness (%yes) | 44 | 47 | 48 | NS |
| Depression Score (mean)(CI)4 | 4.6 (3.9–5.3) | 7.7 (6.7–8.6) | 11.6 (10.8–12.4) | p = .0001 |
| Anxiety Score (mean)(CI)4 | 4.8 (3.9–5.8) | 8.3 (7.0–9.6) | 13.2 (12.1–14.3) | p = .0001 |
1 = Chi square and ANOVA analysis
2 = Working includes homemakers taking care of children and those retired
3 = Active workers' compensation or injury litigation case (unsettled)
4 = 95% Confidence Interval
NS = nonsignificant