Table 2.
Bivariate and multivariate analyses of factors associated with smoking, former smoking and non-smoking status in the 593 HIV-infected patients who participated in the study.
| Bivariate analysis | Multipartite analysis |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active smokers versus non-smokers |
Former smokers versus non-smokers |
|||||||||
| Variables | Active smokers N=254 | Former smokers N=103 | Non smokers N=236 | p | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p |
| Age (mean ± SD; years) | 43.1±7.6 | 47.1±10.0 | 46.1±11.3 | 0.0002 | 0.98 | 0.96–1.01 | 0.1124 | 1.02 | 0.99–1.05 | 0.1017 |
| Sex (%male) (female versus male) | 79% | 72% | 60% | <0.0001 | 2.38 | 1.43–4.00 | 0.0008 | 1.56 | 0.89–2.70 | 0.1187 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) mean ± SD | 22.4+53 | 23.3±3.4 | 24.4±3.8 | <0.0001 | 1.08 | 1.14-1.03 | 0.0007 | 1.05 | 0.99–1.11 | 0.0819 |
| Geographic origin | ||||||||||
| Europe | 81% | 72% | 49% | |||||||
| North Africa | 4% | 5% | 3% | |||||||
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 9% | 11% | 25% | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Other | 6% | 12% | 23% | |||||||
| Smoking environment (yes vs no) | 74% | 47% | 33% | <0.0001 | 4.75 | 3.02–7.49 | <0.0001 | 1.69 | 1.01–2.82 | 0.0463 |
| IV drug addiction as HIV risk factor (yes vs no) | 23% | 10% | 1% | <0.0001 | 24.46 | 4.75–126.14 | 0.0001 | 14.60 | 2.61–81.48 | 0.0022 |
| Disclosure of HIV status (yes vs no) | ||||||||||
| Disclosure to family | 77% | 63% | 56% | <0.0001 | 1.81 | 1.16–2.85 | 0.0097 | 1.08 | 0.66–1.77 | 0.7622 |
| Disclosure to friends | 80% | 70% | 55% | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Experience of rejection due to disclosure | 38% | 20% | 20% | <0.0001 | 1.90 | 1.14–3.17 | 0.0134 | 1.08 | 0.59–2.00 | 0.8051 |
| Depression* (0–21) mean ± SD | 5.4±3.6 | 5.0±4.1 | 4.6±3.9 | 0.0921 | ||||||
| Anxiety* (0–21) mean ± SD | 9.2±4.0 | 8.0±4.2 | 7.8±4.4 | 0.0011 | ||||||
| CD4 cell count (/mm3) | ||||||||||
| <200 | 12% | 15% | 9% | |||||||
| 200–500 | 41% | 46% | 53% | 0.0583 | ||||||
| >500 | 47% | 39% | 38% | |||||||
| HIV therapy | ||||||||||
| Perception of antiretroviral toxicity | 74% | 78% | 64% | 0.0287 | ||||||
| Subjective perception of adverse antiretroviral effects** | 95% | 89% | 91% | 0.1254 | ||||||
| Excessive alcohol consumption (yes vs no)*** | 25% | 14% | 6% | <0.0001 | 2.50 | 1.20–5.23 | 0.0145 | 2.03 | 0.86–4.76 | 0.1057 |
| Illicit drug consumption (yes vs no)**** | 39% | 17% | 14% | <0.0001 | 2.43 | 1.41–4.19 | 0.0014 | 1.04 | 0.53–2.05 | 0.8996 |
| Social plans (yes versus no) | ||||||||||
| Plans to change job | 46% | 33% | 44% | 0.1092 | ||||||
| To move house | 68% | 52% | 58% | 0.0113 | ||||||
| To have children | 18% | 17% | 26% | 0.0867 | ||||||
| To practice sports | 68% | 75% | 61% | 0.0415 | 0.90 | 0.57–1.42 | 0.6621 | 1.81 | 1.07–3.08 | 0.0282 |
| To take part in a cultural activity | 68% | 64% | 52% | 0.0021 | ||||||
| To make new friends | 83% | 73% | 69% | 0.0026 | ||||||
| To take better care of oneself | 96% | 99% | 98% | 0.1639 | ||||||
Note:
*
Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale
**
Experience of at least one of a predefined list of symptoms during the previous 4 weeks
***
Defined as DETA-CAGE above 2
****
At least one illicit substance consumptium (excepte cannabis) during the previous 6 months.
OR: Odds ratio; CI 95% confidence interval