Schematic of cortical and cancellous bone, showing a cavity that was partially filled with a macroporous CPC paste, followed by a strong CPC paste. Fast-soluble mannitol could be incorporated into the macroporous CPC layer for tissue ingrowth, while the strong layer would provide the needed early strength. Once new bone has grown into the macroporous layer, thus strengthening the implant, the fibers in the strong layer would then dissolve to create macroporous channels for continued ingrowth.