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Effects of VCL pretreatment on percent responding on the nicotine-appropriate lever (panel A) and overall response rate (panel B) produced by a range of nicotine doses. Each point represents the mean (±SEM) of 12 subjects. The legend in panel B applies to both panels. Significantly different from saline, **p<0.01, ***P<0.001. #Significant interaction between 3.0 mg/kg VCL and nicotine (0.05 versus 0.1 mg/kg), p<0.05.
