Table 2.
Predictors of Reasons for Smoking and Barriers to Cessation
| ∆R2 |
t (each predictor) |
β | sr2 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent variable: RFS1:Stimulation | |||||
| Step 1 | .04 | <.05 | |||
| Cigarettes/day2 | 2.87 | .22 | .04 | <.01 | |
| Alcohol Use3 | .73 | .01 | .00 | ns | |
| Marijuana Use4 | .06 | .00 | .00 | ns | |
| Step 2 | .22 | <.001 | |||
| Negative Affectivity5 | − 1.24 | − .13 | .01 | ns | |
| ASI-Total Score6 | 3.85 | .22 | .07 | <.001 | |
| DERS-Total Score7 | 3.11 | .27 | .05 | <.01 | |
| Dependent variable: RFS: Habitual | |||||
| Step 1 | .10 | <.001 | |||
| Cigarettes/day | 4.41 | .32 | .10 | <.001 | |
| Alcohol Use | .52 | .04 | .00 | ns | |
| Marijuana Use | .24 | .02 | .00 | ns | |
| Step 2 | .19 | <.001 | |||
| Negative Affectivity | −.18 | −.02 | .00 | ns | |
| ASI-Total Score | 2.47 | .23 | .03 | <.05 | |
| DERS-Total Score | 3.27 | .28 | .06 | .001 | |
| Dependent variable: RFS: Addictive | |||||
| Step 1 | .12 | <.001 | |||
| Cigarettes/day | 4.13 | .30 | .08 | <.001 | |
| Alcohol Use | −1.42 | −.11 | .01 | ns | |
| Marijuana Use | −.31 | −.02 | .00 | ns | |
| Step 2 | .16 | <.001 | |||
| Negative Affectivity | .91 | .09 | .00 | ns | |
| ASI-Total Score | 2.47 | .23 | .03 | <.05 | |
| DERS-Total Score | 1.51 | .13 | .01 | ns | |
| Dependent variable: RFS: Negative | |||||
| Affect Reduction (Coping) | |||||
| Step 1 | .04 | <.05 | |||
| Cigarettes/day | 2.23 | .17 | .03 | <.05 | |
| Alcohol Use | −.95 | −.08 | .00 | ns | |
| Marijuana Use | −.35 | −.03 | .00 | ns | |
| Step 2 | .22 | <.001 | |||
| Negative Affectivity | 1.46 | .15 | .01 | ns | |
| ASI-Total Score | 2.34 | .22 | .03 | <.05 | |
| DERS-Total Score | 1.87 | .16 | .02 | ns | |
| Dependent variable: RFS: Sensorimotor | |||||
| Step 1 | .00 | ns | |||
| Cigarettes/day | .66 | .05 | .00 | ns | |
| Alcohol Use | .63 | .05 | .00 | ns | |
| Marijuana Use | −.12 | −.01 | .00 | ns | |
| Step 2 | .08 | <.01 | |||
| Negative Affectivity | −.19 | −.02 | .00 | ns | |
| ASI-Total Score | 1.24 | .13 | .01 | ns | |
| DERS-Total Score | 2.06 | .20 | .02 | <.05 | |
| Dependent variable: RFS: Relaxation | |||||
| Step 1 | .01 | ns | |||
| Cigarettes/day | 1.04 | .08 | .01 | ns | |
| Alcohol Use | 1.44 | .12 | .01 | ns | |
| Marijuana Use | −.38 | −.03 | .00 | ns | |
| Step 2 | .04 | ns | |||
| Negative Affectivity | 2.04 | .23 | .02 | <.05 | |
| ASI-Total Score | −.06 | −.01 | .00 | ns | |
| DERS-Total Score | −.49 | −.05 | .00 | ns | |
| Dependent variable: BCS-Total Score | |||||
| Step 1 | .04 | ns | |||
| Cigarettes/day | 2.20 | .17 | .03 | <.05 | |
| Alcohol Use | −.14 | −.01 | .00 | ns | |
| Marijuana Use | 1.18 | .09 | .01 | ns | |
| Step 2 | .27 | <.001 | |||
| Negative Affectivity | 1.09 | .11 | .01 | ns | |
| ASI-Total Score | 2.95 | .28 | .05 | <.01 | |
| DERS-Total Score | 2.30 | .21 | .03 | <.05 |
Note: β = standardized beta weights
1
RFS: Reasons for Smoking (Ikard, Green, & Horn, 1969)
2
average number of cigarettes smoked per day
3
Alcohol use calculated by (number of drinks per occasion X number of occasions)
4
average number of times marijuana used in the past 30 days
5
Negative Affect sub-scale from Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988)
6
ASI: Anxiety Sensitivity Index (Reiss, Peterson, Gursky, & McNally, 1986)
7
DERS: Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).