Table 1.

Historical timeline for milestones in radioguided surgery

Year	Milestone
1949	Selverstone et al [1] at Harvard Medical School (Boston, Massachusetts, USA) were the very first to report the concept of radioguided surgery using of a Geiger-Müller tube device and 32P to detect brain tumors.
1956	Harris et al [3] at the Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies Medical Hospital (Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA) were the first to report the application of a gamma detection probe during radioguided surgery using 131I to detect residual thyroid tissue.
1981	Harvey et al [743] at Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas (Dallas, Texas, USA) first reported the application of a gamma detection probe for radioguided biopsy of benign and metastatic bone lesions using 99mTc methylene diphosphonate.
1981	Ghelman et al [728] at The Hospital for Special Surgery (New York, New York, USA) first reported the application of a gamma detection probe for radioguided resection of a benign bone lesion using 99mTc methylene diphosphonate.
1984	Aitken et al [289,290] at The Ohio State University (Columbus, Ohio, USA) first reported radioimmunoguided surgery using 131I-labeled anti-CEA polyclonal antibody to detect colorectal cancer.
1984	Ubhi et al. [408] at Queen's Medical Center/University Hospital (Nottingham, England, UK) first reported radioguided surgery using 201Tl-thallous chloride for the detecting a parathyroid adenoma.
1987	Sickle-Santanello et al [299] at The Ohio State University (Columbus, Ohio, USA) first reported radioimmunoguided surgery using 125I-labeled anti-TAG-72 monoclonal antibody to detect colorectal cancer.
1993	Krag et al [135] at The University of Vermont (Burlington, Vermont, USA) first reported radioguided sentinel lymph node biopsy using 99mTc radiocolloid for breast cancer.
1993	Alex et al [188] at The University of Vermont (Burlington, Vermont, USA) first reported radioguided sentinel lymph node biopsy using 99mTc radiocolloid for malignant melanoma.
1995	Martinez et al [409] at The Ohio State University (Columbus, Ohio, USA) first reported use of 99mTc-MIBI for the detecting parathyroid gland pathology.
1997	Norman and Chheda [410] at The University of South Florida (Tampa, Florida, USA) popularized the technique of minimally-invasive radioguided surgery using 99mTc-MIBI for the surgical management of primary hyperparathyroidism.
1999	Desai et al [35,36] at The Ohio State University (Columbus, Ohio, USA) first reported use of 18F-FDG-directed surgery in the surgical management of colorectal cancer.
2008	Strong et al [29] at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (New York, New York, USA) first reported radioimmunoguided surgery using 124I-labeled monoclonal antibody specific for clear cell renal cell cancer.