Table 1. The degree of chimerism correlates with the degree of corrections.

	WT	chim10–30	chim5–10	chim<5	mdx
Xgal staining (% of cells or skeletal muscle fibers)
heart	0	10–30	<5	<5	0
liver, lung, brain	0	5–30	<5	UD	0
quadriceps	0	50–70	<5	UD	0
pectoralis	0	50–90	10–30	<5	0
diaphragm	0	20–50	UD	UD	0
Dystrophin (WB, % relative to WT)
heart	100	10–30	5–10	<5	0
quadriceps	100	60–100	<5	0	0
pectoralis	100	70–100	5–10	0	0
diaphragm	100	30–60	10–15	<5	0
Fiber cross-sectional area (µm2)
diaphragm (mode)	500	500	400	400	300
Central nucleation (%)
quadriceps, TA, pectoralis	<10	10–30	ND	60–90	60–90
diaphragm	<5	<10	20–40	25–45	20–40
Muscle thickness (µm)
diaphragm	160–180	180–250	540–600	550–650	450–550
Fiber count across width
diaphragm	6–10	5–10	8–13	12–18	18–24
Mononuclear invasion*
dorsal diaphragm, pectoralis, TA	−	++	+++	++++++	++++++
Dystrophin glycoprotein complex (IMF)(dbv-α, synt, nNOS, SG-β)
diaphragm	++++++	++++++	+++	++	++
Sarcolemmal utrophin (IMF)
diaphragm	−	++	ND	++++++	++++++
eMHC (IMF, fold increase by microarrays)
diaphragm, pectoralis	−	++, UC	++++, ND	++++++, ND	++++++, 24
Mechanical stress (g/mm2)
EDL (tetanus)	46.4±2.5**	42.8±3.6	ND	22.2±2.2	20.0±7.9**
EDL (twitch)	6.9±0.7**	7.0±0.8	ND	4.8±0.4	5.2±2.0**

chim10–30: chimeric mice that incorporated between 10 and 30% of ESCs (n = 9); chim5–10 (n = 2); chim<5 (n = 12); WT (n>10); mdx (n>10).

UC: unchanged; UD: undetectable; ND: not determined; IMF: immunofluorescence.

dbv-α: dystrobrevin-α; syntrophin: synt; neuronal nitric oxide synthase: nNOS; sarcoglycan β: SG-β.

^*++low degree; ++++++ high degree.

^**WT and mdx twitch and tetanic stress values are unpublished data from A.Wolff's dissertation (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2007).