Startle responding to affective pictures by both diagnostic groups to probes presented 2,000 ms before (top left), 750 ms before (bottom left), 300 ms after (top right), and 3,500–4,500 ms after (bottom right) picture onset. The range of the error bars is one standard error above and below the observed group mean. Because valence was manipulated on a within-subject basis, the standard error bars reflect only the within-subject component of variability (i.e., the Subject × Valence interaction; e.g., Loftus & Masson, 1994).