Table 1.

Predicted Affective Startle Modulation Patterns in the Nondepressed Group, Planned Interaction Tests, and Predicted Group Effects for Each Probe Condition

Probe condition	Predicted startle patterns in the nondepressed group	Planned trend test	Predictions
2,000-ms anticipatorya		Group × Quadratic Trend	Significant group interaction; significant quadratic trend in the nondepressed group only
750-ms anticipatoryb (exploratory)		Group × Linear Trend	Significant group interaction; significant linear trend in the nondepressed group only
300-ms viewingc		Group × Quadratic Trend	No group interaction; significant quadratic trends in both groups
3,500–4,500-ms viewingd		Group × Linear Trend	Significant group interaction; significant linear trend in the nondepressed group only

Note. Bar graphs are idealized and meant for illustrative purposes; they do not reflect possible amplitude differences between probe categories. Consistent with an emotion-context insensitivity model of depression (Rottenberg, 2005, 2007), patterns of startle responding in the depressed group were predicted to be attenuated, relative to the nondepressed control group, across the three levels of the valence factor in all probe conditions.

^aDichter, Tomarken, and Baucom (2002); Nitschke et al. (2002); Sabatinelli, Bradley, and Lang (2001).

^bErickson (1996).

^cBradley, Cuthbert, and Lang (1993); Dichter, Tomarken, Shelton, and Sutton (2004).

^dLang, Bradley, and Cuthbert (1998).