Table 3.

Variables independently associated with PCS scores using multiple linear regression analysis (R = 0.56 R² = 0.32)

Variable	Parameter Estimate	T Value	P
Education level	7.53 + 1.85	4.1	< 0.001
Pain medication use	-7.44 + 2.95	-2.5	0.013
BMI (kg/m2)	-0.47 + 0.14	-3.3	0.001
Pulse pressure (mmHg)	-0.25 + 0.10	-2.5	0.015
Age (yrs)	-0.17 + 0.08	-2.1	0.034