Table 2.
AOR of PNVa
| Characteristic | AOR | 95% CI | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (per 10 yr) | 0.98 | 0.93 to 1.02 | 0.3400 |
| Male (versus female) | 1.00 | 0.89 to 1.12 | 0.9700 |
| Race (versus white) | |||
| black | 0.97 | 0.82 to 1.16 | 0.7600 |
| Asian | 0.67 | 0.44 to 1.04 | 0.0800 |
| other | 0.68 | 0.51 to 0.91 | 0.0100 |
| Socioeconomic factors | |||
| live alone (versus not alone) | 1.24 | 1.03 to 1.49 | 0.0300 |
| married (versus not married) | 1.24 | 1.09 to 1.40 | 0.0010 |
| attended college (versus no college) | 1.35 | 1.15 to 1.58 | <0.0001 |
| employed (versus not employed) | 1.04 | 0.86 to 1.26 | 0.6900 |
| Diabetes as cause of ESRD (yes versus no) | 1.44 | 1.17 to 1.77 | 0.0010 |
| Comorbidities (yes versus no) | |||
| CAD | 1.01 | 0.89 to 1.15 | 0.8600 |
| CHF | 0.78 | 0.69 to 0.89 | <0.0001 |
| other cardiac disease | 0.94 | 0.83 to 1.07 | 0.3700 |
| hypertension | 1.45 | 1.25 to 1.70 | <0.0001 |
| CVD | 1.06 | 0.90 to 1.24 | 0.5100 |
| PAD | 0.99 | 0.85 to 1.16 | 0.9300 |
| diabetes | 1.09 | 0.92 to 1.30 | 0.3300 |
| lung disease | 0.77 | 0.66 to 0.90 | 0.0010 |
| cancer (other than skin) | 0.90 | 0.77 to 1.06 | 0.2000 |
| HIV/AIDS | 0.73 | 0.42 to 1.27 | 0.2700 |
| gastrointestinal bleeding | 0.87 | 0.71 to 1.08 | 0.2100 |
| neurologic disease | 0.75 | 0.62 to 0.90 | 0.0020 |
| psychiatric disorder | 0.87 | 0.76 to 0.99 | 0.0400 |
| recurrent cellulitis/gangrene | 1.21 | 0.94 to 1.55 | 0.1500 |
| Laboratory data | |||
| hemoglobin (per 1 g/dl higher) | 1.07 | 1.03 to 1.12 | 0.0010 |
| serum albumin (per 1 g/dl higher) | 1.46 | 1.28 to 1.66 | <0.0001 |
| serum creatinine (per 1 mg/dl higher) | 0.94 | 0.92 to 0.97 | <0.0001 |
| Country of residence (versus United States) | |||
| Australia/New Zealand | 1.85 | 0.96 to 3.57 | 0.0700 |
| Belgium | 0.75 | 0.53 to 1.11 | 0.1600 |
| Canada | 1.14 | 0.77 to 1.70 | 0.5200 |
| France | 2.60 | 1.79 to 3.79 | <0.0001 |
| Germany | 1.40 | 0.97 to 2.01 | 0.0800 |
| Italy | 2.37 | 1.53 to 3.65 | <0.0001 |
| Japan | 3.55 | 2.04 to 6.18 | <0.0001 |
| Spain | 2.85 | 2.05 to 3.96 | <0.0001 |
| Sweden | 2.20 | 1.39 to 3.36 | 0.0010 |
| United Kingdom | 1.75 | 1.19 to 2.57 | 0.0050 |
a
n = 8500. The results are from a multivariate analysis adjusting for all factors shown. A visit to a nephrologist at least one month before the initiation of HD was regarded as PNV. AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; CVD, cerebrovascular disease; PAD, peripheral arterial disease.