Table 3.
Baseline Characteristics of Enrolled Smokers by Intervention Group
| Baseline Characteristics | Intervention Practices (n=925 smokers) | Control Practices (n=1,016 smokers) |
|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographics | ||
| Age, mean years (SD) | 57.2 (11.3) | 57.2 (11.1) |
| Gender, % women | 7.1 | 6.2 |
| Race–ethnicity (%) | ||
| White | 63.7 | 64.7 |
| Nonwhite | 36.3 | 35.3 |
| Education, mean years (SD) | 13.3 (2.6) | 13.1 (2.6) |
| Married (%) | 39.9 | 41.3 |
| Employment status (%) | ||
| Fulltime or parttime for pay | 29.0 | 25.7 |
| Unable to work due to health or injury | 29.1 | 32.3 |
| Retired | 33.9 | 34.2 |
| Other (e.g., unemployed, student, active military) | 7.9 | 7.9 |
| Annual household income (%) | ||
| <$10,000 | 25.2 | 29.1 |
| $10,000–$20,000 | 40.1 | 38.1 |
| $21,000–$30,000 | 18.2 | 17.2 |
| >$30,000 | 16.4 | 15.6 |
| Lives alone (%) | 33.8** | 28.3 |
| Receives Medicare (%) | 33.3 | 35.9 |
| Receives Medicaid (%) | 10.8 | 11.7 |
| Has private insurance (%) | 18.6 | 19.3 |
| Disability or Supplemental Security Income (%) | 37.6* | 42.7 |
| Most or all care through VA (%) | 89.7 | 86.5 |
| Usually sees primary care doctor or nurse (%) | 77.5** | 79.6 |
| Smoking behavior | ||
| Smoking frequency (everyday versus some days) (%) | 82.3** | 86.9 |
| Level of nicotine dependence (past 6 months) (%) | ||
| Smokes within 15 minutes upon wakening | 52.0 | 52.0 |
| Wakes up, smokes 1–2 times/month or more | 25.4* | 31.1 |
| Ever tried to quit smoking (%) | 85.3 | 88.2 |
| Ever used nicotine skin patches (%) | 39.9** | 46.7 |
| Ever used nicotine gum (%) | 25.7 | 24.2 |
| Talked to M.D. or M.H. professional about quitting (%) | 47.1 | 50.0 |
| Attended cessation program (past 12 months) (%) | 11.3*** | 19.6 |
| Tried other ways to quit (past 12 months) (%) | 14.7* | 19.1 |
| Health status | ||
| Excellent to very good health (%) | 19.9** | 14.9 |
| Alcohol use (AUDIT score), mean (SD) | 3.5 (5.6) | 3.7 (6.0) |
| Depression (CES-D score), mean (SD) | 9.0 (7.2) | 9.2 (7.3) |
| Have problems caused by smoking (%) | 76.1 | 76.8 |
*
p<.05.
**
p<.01.
***
p<.0001.