Table 2.

Characteristics of Study Participants

Characteristic	Home (n=138)	Telephone (n=139)	Usual-Care Control (n=138)
Age, mean (SD), years	59.8 (11.2)	61.2 (11.6)	60.1 (11.7)
Female, No. (%)	108 (78)	109 (78)	104 (75)
Race/ethnicity, No. (%)
Non-Hispanic white	103 (75)	110 (79)	115 (83)
Black	20 (15)	11 (8)	15 (11)
Other	14 (9)	14 (10)	7 (5)
Declined to answer	1 (1)	4 (3)	1 (1)
Education level, No. (%)
High school or less	19 (14)	20 (14)	22 (16)
Some college	53 (38)	50 (36)	58 (42)
College graduate or greater	66 (47)	65 (47)	57 (41)
Declined to answer	0 (0)	4 (3)	1 (1)
Income level, No. (%)
<40,000	41 (30)	42 (31)	44 (32)
40,000–79,999	42 (30)	37 (27)	43 (31)
≥80,000	22 (16)	27 (20)	22 (16)
Declined to answer	33 (24)	33 (24)	29 (21)
Married, No. (%)	79 (57)	79 (57)	76 (55)
Uninsured, No. (%)	3 (2)	5 (4)	2 (2)
Chronic conditions, No. (%)
1	55 (40)	72 (51)	43 (31)
2	51 (37)	40 (29)	65 (47)
3	18 (13)	21 (15)	21 (15)
>4	14 (10)	6 (4)	9 (7)
Study diagnoses, No. (%)a
Arthritis	83 (60)	73 (52)	77 (55)
Depression	59 (43)	64 (46)	70 (51)
Diabetes	64 (46)	50 (36)	58 (42)
Asthma	34 (25)	25 (18)	39 (28)
Chronic obstructive lung disease	15 (11)	11 (8)	17 (12)
Congestive heart failure	17 (12)	17 (12)	14 (10)
Personality factors, mean (SD)b
Neuroticism	20.6 (9.9)	22.1 (8.9)	21.9 (9.6)
Extraversion	25.9 (8.0)	26.1 (6.9)	25.9 (7.6)
Openness	28.2 (6.6)	28.6 (6.3)	28.9 (6.3)
Agreeableness	34.4 (4.8)	33.3 (5.6)	33.3 (5.7)
Conscientiousness	31.3 (7.5)	32.0 (6.4)	31.9 (6.7)
Participants missing self-efficacy data, No. (%)
2-week follow-up	4 (3)	13 (10)	2 (2)
4-week follow-up	10 (8)	10 (8)	5 (4)
6-week follow-up	5 (4)	6 (5)	1 (1)
6-month follow-up	6 (5)	6 (5)	2 (2)
1-year follow-up	8 (6)	9 (7)	4 (3)

^a Percentages exceed 100 because many participants had more than 1 condition.

^b Scored on a range from 0 to 48.