Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics—Inputs and Outputs (N=1,377)
| Variable | Mean | SD |
|---|---|---|
| Data envelopment analysis (DEA) inputs | ||
| Bassinets | 21.09 | 19.00 |
| Full-time equivalent registered nurses (FTE RNs) | 390.43 | 382.25 |
| FTE licensed practical nurses (LPNs) | 34.95 | 39.15 |
| FTE other personnel | 1,020.76 | 1,004.67 |
| Other beds | 43.48 | 58.52 |
| Acute beds | 224.54 | 172.05 |
| FTE interns/residents | 32.64 | 111.02 |
| DEA outputs | ||
| Outpatient visits | 190,452.69 | 211,619.08 |
| Total surgeries | 10,047.11 | 8,201.15 |
| Births | 1,636.70 | 1,666.58 |
| Adjusted admissions | 20,341.69 | 17,928.23 |
| Other patients days | 14,649.93 | 15,781.39 |
| “Bad” outcomes | ||
| Failure to rescue (RPPS04) | 0.34 | 0.06 |
| Infection due to medical care (RPPS07) | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| Postoperative respiratory failure (RPPS11) | 0.09 | 0.04 |
| Postoperative sepsis (RPPS13) | 0.09 | 0.06 |
| Environmental and organizational factors | ||
| Total expenditures | 180,959,044 | 186,383,950 |
| Number high-tech services | 6.70 | 4.12 |
| Births (%) | 12.12 | 7.91 |
| Emergency room (ER) visits (%) | 29.62 | 17.33 |
| Outpatient surgeries (%) | 4.79 | 5.66 |
| Medicaid (%) | 16.70 | 10.72 |
| Medicare (%) | 42.42 | 12.21 |
| Occupancy rate | 65.31 | 14.73 |
| Cost/adjusted admission | 13,118.15 | 5,439.35 |
| Average length of stay | 5.16 | 2.44 |
| Capital/bed | 48,996.28 | 26,414.05 |
| FTE/adjusted admission | 0.11 | 0.04 |
| FTE/beds | 5.32 | 1.97 |
| Percent of population in county without health insurance* | 14.16 | 6.94 |
| Percent of population in county covered by health maintenance organization (HMO)* | 24.63 | 13.41 |
| Herfindahl–Hirschman index (HHI)* | 0.33 | 0.29 |
| Frequency (%) | ||
| COTH | 12 | |
| Minor teaching | 22 | |
| Nonteaching | 66 | |
| FP | 17 | |
| Government | 12 | |
| NFP | 71 | |
| Member of a system | 64 | |
*
These are market-level variables.
COTH, Council of Teaching Hospitals; FP, for-profit hospitals; NFP, not for profit hospitals.