Table 3.

Mean Efficiency Score Values (Output-Based Data Envelopment Analysis [DEA]) and Statistically Significant Wilcoxon Tests by Ownership Status, Teaching Status, and System Membership (N=1,371)

Characteristic	CRS Efficiency	VRS Efficiency	Scale Efficiency	Congestion†
Ownership
Public	1.38***	1.09	1.26***	1.04
Not-for-profit (NFP)	1.36	1.09	1.25	1.03
For-profit (FP)	1.29	1.08	1.19	1.03
Teaching
COTH	1.43***	1.05***	1.37***	1.00***
Minor teaching	1.36	1.08	1.25	1.02
Nonteaching	1.33	1.10	1.21	1.04
System membership
Member	1.33**	1.08**	1.23	1.02*
Nonmember	1.39	1.10	1.26	1.04

^***p<.001.

^**p<.01.

^*p<.1.

^†Even though these means appear very similar, the Wilcoxon test is a rank score, so that more highly congested hospitals are either public or NFP relative to FP hospitals.

CRS, constant returns to scale; VRS, variable returns to scale.