Table 1.
Genes exhibiting a ≥ 10-fold increase in expression 2 hours after serum stimulation of quiescent HaCaT-II4 cells
| Gene symbol | Fold-increased expression | Description |
|---|---|---|
| SERPINE1 | 97.7 | Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 |
| PLAUR | 76.6 | Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor |
| PLAUR | 70.3 | Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor |
| DTR | 67.9 | Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like precursor |
| NR4A3 | 65.7 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 3 |
| CLC | 62.0 | Cardiotrophin-like cytokine |
| C8FW | 61.1 | Phosphoprotein regulated by mitogenic pathways |
| IL8 | 56.3 | Interleukin 8 |
| CLDN4 | 49.5 | Claudin 4 |
| GEM | 48.5 | GTP-binding protein overexpressed in skeletal muscle |
| EREG | 48.0 | Epiregulin |
| SPRR2B | 46.7 | Small proline-rich protein 2B |
| EGR2 | 46.3 | Early growth response 2 (Krox-20 homolog) |
| HB-EGF | 41.3 | Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor |
| PHLDA1 | 40.0 | Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member 1 |
| IL11 | 38.1 | Interleukin 11 |
| CTGF | 37.8 | Connective tissue growth factor |
| KRTAP3-1 | 37.4 | Keratin-associated protein 3-1 |
| LIF | 36.9 | Leukemia inhibitory factor |
| EDN1 | 36.6 | Endothelin 1 |
| FOSL1 | 35.8 | FOS-like antigen 1 |
| TNFAIP3 | 34.4 | Tumor necrosis factor, α-induced protein 3 |
| TNFAIP3 | 32.9 | Tumor necrosis factor, α-induced protein 3 |
| EGR3 | 32.9 | Early growth response 3 |
| PTGS2 | 32.5 | Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 |
| COPEB | 31.1 | Core promoter element-binding protein |
| ZFP36 | 30.6 | Zinc finger protein 36 |
| APOBEC3A | 30.2 | Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme |
| COPEB | 28.9 | Core promoter element-binding protein |
| DUSPI | 28.3 | Dual specificity phosphatase 1 |
| NR4A2 | 28.0 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2 |
| FOXA1 | 27.4 | Forkhead box A1 |
| EDN1;ET1 | 26.7 | Endothelin 1 |
| DUSP10 | 25.3 | Dual specificity phosphatase 10 |
| IL6 | 25.1 | Interleukin 6 |
| SOCS3 | 24.8 | Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 |
| KLF4 | 24.1 | Kruppel-like factor 4 |
| NR4A2 | 23.4 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2 |
| PTGS2 | 23.1 | Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 |
| C20oorf16 | 21.4 | Chromosome 20 open reading frame 16 |
| DUSP4 | 21.0 | Dual specificity phosphatase 4 |
| ATF3 | 19.3 | Activating transcription factor 3 |
| PIM1 | 19.1 | Pim-1 oncogene |
| MAFF-like | 18.6 | v-maf-like |
| JUN | 18.3 | v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog |
| NR4A2 | 18.1 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2 |
| IL1A | 18.0 | Interleukin 1, alpha |
| GADD45B | 17.4 | Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, beta |
| HAS3 | 17.3 | Hyaluronan synthase 3 |
| EMP1 | 16.8 | Epithelial membrane protein 1 |
| SLC20A1 | 16.8 | Solute carrier family 20 (phosphate transporter), member 1 |
| GADD45B | 16.8 | Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, beta |
| DSCR1 | 16.7 | Down syndrome critical region gene 1 |
| GADD45B | 16.6 | Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, beta |
| ARTN | 16.6 | Artemin |
| B3GNT5 | 16.1 | UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 5 |
| RGC32 | 16.0 | RGC32 protein |
| JUN | 15.0 | v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog |
| TRIF | 14.9 | TIR domain containing adaptor-inducing interferon-β |
| KLF4 | 14.6 | Kruppel-like factor 4 |
| IER3 | 14.5 | Immediate early response 3 |
| SERPINB1 | 14.4 | Serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor, clade B, member 1 |
| RFX2 | 14.4 | Regulatory factor X, 2 |
| SGK | 13.5 | Serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase |
| ADM | 13.5 | Adrenomedulin |
| IL1B | 12.9 | Interleukin 1-β |
| SPRR3 | 12.8 | Small proline-rich protein 3 |
| HSPC159 | 12.6 | Human galectin-related protein |
| EMP1 | 12.5 | Epithelial membrane protein 1 |
| PTGER4 | 12.3 | Prostaglandin E, receptor 4 |
| PLEKHC1 | 12.2 | Pleckstrin homology domain containing, family C, member 1 |
| LM07 | 12.1 | LIM domain only 7 |
| PLEKHC1 | 11.9 | Pleckstrin homology domain containing, family C, member 1 |
| ATF3 | 11.7 | Activating transcription factor 3 |
| PDCD1L1 | 11.7 | Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 |
| CNK | 11.6 | Cytokine-inducible kinase |
| PPP1R15A | 11.5 | Protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 15A |
| FST | 11.5 | Follistatin |
| MAFF | 11.1 | v-maf fibrosarcoma oncogene avian homolog F |
| IFRD1 | 11.0 | Interferon-related developmental regulator 1 |
| SNARK | 10.9 | Likely ortholog of rat SNF1/AMP-activated protein kinase |
| ODC1 | 10.7 | Ornithine decarboxylase 1 |
| SLC2A3 | 10.4 | Solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 3 |
| TGFA | 10.4 | Transforming growth factor, alpha |
| GADD45A | 10.3 | Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha |
| B3GNT5 | 10.2 | UDP-GlcNAac:betaGal β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 5 |
| SLC2A14 | 10.2 | Solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 14 |
| DUSP5 | 10.1 | Dual specificity phosphatase 5 |
| CUL1 | 10.1 | Cullin 1 |
| PPP1R3C | 10.0 | Protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 3C |
ANOVA, analysis of variance; FBS, fetal bovine serum; cDNA, complementary DNA. RNA isolated from quiescent or 2 hours FBS-stimulated keratinocytes was converted into single-stranded cDNA using Superscript II reverse transcriptase and the GeneChip T7 promoter primer kit. Double-stranded cDNA was prepared, biotinylated cRNA generated, hydrolyzed to 35–200 base fragments, and hybridized to the Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 oligonucleotide array. Arrays were washed, stained with streptavidin-phycoerythrin, scanned and images analyzed qualitatively with Affymetrix GCOS software; probe signal outputs (pivot tables) were imported as text files into GeneSpring v6.1. Values below 0.01 were set to 0.01 and each was divided by the 50th percentile of all measurements in that sample. Individual gene data points, in each of the experimental groups, were divided by the median value in the corresponding control sets. ANOVA analysis (95% confidence) compared groupings as follows: B versus A, C versus A, and B versus C. The statistically significant genes (in triplicate assessments) were filtered to obtain lists based on expression levels (for this paper, 10× increased relative to the corresponding control). Signal reproducibility is evidenced by expression level values for duplicated genes on each array (indicated by color coding in bold font).