Figure 4. EUK-189 suppresses paraquat-iron neurotoxicity by inhibition of microglia activation and subsequent NADPH oxidase-induced oxidative stress in vitro.
(A) Gp91phox-positive microglia in primary microglia cultures. (B) Paraquat-stimulated release of superoxide in microglia. (C) TH-positive neuron counts in primary mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures. Mean ± S.E.M., n = 4-5. #, p < 0.01, significantly from control plus vehicle group;*, p < 0.05, significantly from paraquat plus vehicle group; @, p < 0.001, significantly from paraquat plus vehicle group; ˆ, p < 0.001, significantly from paraquat plus iron plus vehicle group.