Table 2.
Predeath Psychiatric History
| Proband Cause of Death* |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Suicide | Accident | Natural Causes | Controls* | Test | P Value |
| No. of probands | 44 | 36 | 60 | 99 | ||
| Psychiatric disorder, No. (%) | ||||||
| Depression | 24 (56) | 16 (44) | 22 (38) | 32 (33) | χ2=7.0 | .07 |
| Bipolar | 10 (23)a | 3 (8)a,b | 4 (7)a,b | 2 (2)b | Fisher exact | <.001 |
| Psychotic | 3 (7) | 1 (3) | 0 | 0 | Fisher exact | .01 |
| Anxiety | 11 (26) | 9 (25) | 11 (19) | 27 (28) | χ2=1.7 | .63 |
| Behavioral | 8 (20) | 4 (11) | 3 (5) | 11 (11) | Fisher exact | .16 |
| Alcohol/substance abuse | 36 (84)a | 26 (72)a | 25 (42)b | 42 (42)b | χ2=29.1 | <.001 |
| Personality | 19 (43)a | 7 (19)a,b | 9 (15)b,c | 4 (4)c | χ2=34.5 | <.001 |
| Any disorder† | 43 (98)a | 28 (78)a,b | 39 (65)b | 70 (75)b | χ2=15.9 | <.001 |
| No. of caregivers‡ | 40 | 31 | 55 | 101 | ||
| Psychiatric disorder, No. (%) | ||||||
| Depression | 25 (63)a | 14 (45)a,b | 23 (42)a,b | 31 (31)b | χ2=12.0 | .007 |
| Bipolar | 1 (3) | 1 (3) | 2 (4) | 1 (1) | Fisher exact | .50 |
| Psychotic | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (1) | Fisher exact | .99 |
| Anxiety | 15 (38)a | 9 (29)a,b | 19 (35)a | 14 (14)b | χ2=12.9 | .005 |
| Behavioral | 5 (13) | 0 | 3 (6) | 5 (5) | Fisher exact | .17 |
| Alcohol/substance abuse | 15 (42) | 11 (36) | 12 (22) | 28 (28) | χ2=4.6 | .20 |
| Personality | 4 (10) | 1 (3) | 0 | 2 (2) | Fisher exact | .04 |
| Any disorder† | 34 (87)a | 21 (68)a,b | 35 (65)a,b | 54 (56)b | χ2=12.3 | .007 |
| No. of offspring | 66 | 51 | 94 | 183 | ||
| Psychiatric disorder, No. (%) | ||||||
| Depression | 11 (17) | 8 (16) | 9 (10) | 15 (8) | χ2=5.0 | .17 |
| Bipolar | 0 | 2 (4) | 2 (2) | 0 | Fisher exact | .03 |
| Psychotic | 2 (3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fisher exact | .04 |
| Anxiety | 8 (12) | 4 (8) | 6 (6) | 14 (8) | Fisher exact | .60 |
| Behavioral | 9 (14) | 6 (12) | 10 (11) | 7 (4) | Fisher exact | .02 |
| Alcohol/substance abuse | 2 (3) | 1 (2) | 2 (2) | 3 (2) | Fisher exact | .91 |
| Any disorder† | 30 (46)a | 17 (33)a,b | 30 (32)a,b | 42 (23)b | χ2=12.6 | .006 |
| Physical abuse, No. (%) | 3 (5) | 2 (4) | 0 | 2 (1) | Fisher exact | .05 |
| Sexual abuse, No. (%) | 2 (3) | 4 (8) | 4 (4) | 2 (1) | Fisher exact | .05 |
Abbreviations: Similar superscripts are used when no significant post-hoc differences are observed.
*
For probands and adult caregivers, α=.007; for offspring, α=.006; pairwise comparison, α=.008.
†
Any disorder is computed based on the other diagnoses and thus not included as an independent outcome.
‡
Only caregivers with a parental role prior to death are included in this analysis.