Fig. 1.

Antiproliferation effect of 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ and menthol in LNCaP cells. (A–C) Dose-response effect. The cells were cultured with menthol alone (A), 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ at 10⁻⁴ mM plus menthol at the indicated concentrations (B), or menthol at 0.8 mM plus 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ at the indicated concentrations (C) for 72 h prior to MTT assays. (D) Time-dependent effect. Cell growth is expressed as a relative value to that of the untreated cells or that of cells harvested at zero time. NC, negative control (ethanol as a vehicle); M, menthol; V, 1α,25(OH)₂D₃; M+V, menthol plus 1α,25(OH)₂D₃. The figures show mean ± SD (n = 3-6). *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.005.