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A, Airway mucosa (bronchial biopsy) from a patient with asthma, showing loss of surface epithelium and early basement membrane thickening. B, Airway mucosa (bronchial biopsy) from a heavy smoker with COPD with an FEV1 of 40% predicted, showing epithelial squamous metaplasia. Adapted with permission from Jeffery PK. Remodeling in asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;164:S28-S38.
