Fig. 4.

Changes in the ratio of the 1^st and 2^nd modes of granule cell turning in vitro by altering the Ca²⁺ and cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways. (A) Schematic representation of four distinct modes of granule cell turning in vitro. The numbers in granule cell somata indicate the order in each mode of turning. (B) Histograms showing the effects of the alterations of the Ca²⁺ and cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways on the ratio of the 1^st and 2^nd modes of granule cell turning in vitro. Each column represents the ratio in the occurrences of the 1^st and 2^nd modes of granule cell turning during a 10 hour-period of observation between 20–30 hours after in vitro. Each reagent was added to the culture medium at 20 hour after in vitro. Single (p <0.05) and double (p <0.01) asterisks indicate statistical significance. Bar: S.D.