Table 4.

Demographic Characteristics at Baseline for Memory Training Participants, by Class Membership

Baseline Characteristic	Class 1 (N = 123)	Class 2 (N = 210)	Class 3 (N = 271)	p Value
Age (years)	73.2 ± 5.4	73.7 ± 6.1	73.2 ± 5.9	.65
Age categories (years)				.43
65–74	53	57	60
75–84	44	39	35
85+	3	4	5
Gender, female	79	74	78	.44
Race, Caucasian	85	74	71	.01
Years of education	14.5 ± 2.6	13.6 ± 2.6	13.2 ± 2.7	.001a
Highest education categories				.001
No high school degree	5	10	26
High school degree	17	29	29
College degree	53	45	41
Graduate degree	25	16	14
MMSE score	27.9 ± 1.8	27.2 ± 2.0	27.3 ± 2.0	.01a
Memory composite	0.7 ± 2.5	−0.4 ± 2.3	0.4 ± 2.6	.001b
Reasoning composite	1.1 ± 2.5	0.04 ± 2.6	−0.01 ± 2.7	.001a
Speed composite	−0.8 ± 2.6	0.04 ± 2.4	−0.01 ± 2.5	.01a

Notes: MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination. p values obtained using chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance with Scheffé multiple comparison test, and Kruskal–Wallis test. Values are mean ± standard deviation or %. Class 1 is the “HVLT” class, Class 2 the “AVLT” class, and Class 3 is the “low-level response” class.

^aClass 1 is significantly different from Class 2 and Class 3.

^bClass 2 is significantly different from Class 1 and Class 3.