Table 3.

Multilevel Models of Negative Relationship Quality by Age Group, Time, and Relationship Type

	Overall		Same Partner		Different Partner
	B (SE)	F	B (SE)	F	B (SE)	F
Spouse/partners
Time	0.01 (0.12)	0.03	0.03 (0.14)	4.06*	−0.41 (0.20)	4.15*
Age group		2.42		0.41		1.44
Young	0.17 (0.14)		0.18 (0.18)		0.43 (.38)
Middle	0.24 (0.14)		0.25 (0.18)		0.65 (.38)
Time × Age Group		2.07		1.18
Time × Young	−0.11 (.15)		0.08 (.17)
Time × Middle	0.13 (.15)		0.24 (.17)
Between-person variance	0.70 (.07)	Z = 10.01**	0.73 (.09)	Z = 8.59**	0.22 (.19)	Z = 1.18
Within-person variance	0.80 (.05)	Z = 15.25**	0.69 (.05)	Z = 13.29**	1.15 (.21)	Z = 5.34**
Child
Time	−0.15 (0.11)	77.85**	−0.29 (0.16)	39.94**	−0.38 (.21)	41.56**
Age group		56.98**		15.73**		13.08**
Young	0.61 (0.13)**		0.58 (0.18)**		0.58 (0.22)**
Middle	0.35 (0.13)**		0.34 (0.17)*		0.25 (0.22)
Time × Age Group		10.15**		2.34†		2.34†
Time × Young	−0.63 (.14)**		−0.44 (.21)*		−0.58 (.27)*
Time × Middle	−0.40 (.14)**		−0.21 (.21)		−0.33 (.27)
Between-person variance	0.39 (.06)	Z = 6.38**	0.40 (.08)	Z = 4.88**	0.32 (.10)	Z = 3.12**
Within-person variance	1.10 (.06)	Z = 17.84**	1.03 (.08)	Z = 12.88**	1.12 (.11)	Z = 10.20**
Friend
Time	−0.37 (0.10)	56.15**	−0.16 (0.21)	2.59	−0.71 (0.18)	21.02**
Age group		11.89**		5.43**		0.07
Young	0.30 (.11)**		0.66 (0.25)**		0.13 (0.18)
Middle	0.36 (0.12)**		0.67 (0.25) **		0.37 (0.20)
Time × Age Group		2.09		0.12		5.10**
Time × Young	−0.09 (.12)		0.06 (.25)		0.29 (.21)
Time × Middle	0.12 (.13)		−0.04 (.25)		0.68 (.23)**
Between-person variance	0.33 (.05)	Z = 7.29**	0.40 (.09)	Z = 4.61**	0.31 (.07)	Z = 4.51**
Within-person variance	0.61 (.04)	Z = 14.92**	0.43 (.06)	Z = 7.55**	0.62 (.06)	Z = 10.19**

Note. Control variables (gender, education, and race) are included in all models. The time by age interaction for different spouse or partners was not included due to small cell sizes.

†p < .10; *p < .05; **p < .01.