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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Feb 15.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry. 2008 Sep 18;65(4):296–303. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.08.010

Figure 1.

Figure 1

CSF Immunologic Biomarkers in Control versus IFN-alpha/ribavirin-treated patients with HCV. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples for the assessment of relevant innate immune cytokines including interferon (IFN)-alpha (Panel A), interleukin (IL)-6 (Panel B) as well as the chemokine, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) (Panel C), were compared in control (n=12) and interferon (IFN)-alpha/ribavirin-treated (n=12) patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. IFN-alpha/ribavirin-treated subjects were studied after ~12 weeks on IFN-alpha/ribavirin therapy. CSF concentrations of IFN-alpha, IL-6 and MCP-1 were significantly elevated in IFN-alpha-treated subjects compared to controls (p<0.01).