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. 2009 Feb 4;64B(2):258–268. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbn003

Table 3.

Logistic Regression Results for Whether Used Formal Home Care Within the Calendar Year (N = 48,135)a

Variable Block 1
Block 2
Block 3
Block 4
Residence variables odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) Residence + predisposing variables OR (95% CI) Residence + predisposing + enabling variables OR (95% CI) Residence + predisposing + enabling + illness variables (full model) OR (95% CI)
Nonmetro categories
    Micro 1.82** (1.24, 2.68) 1.03 (0.75, 1.43) 0.96 (0.70, 1.30) 0.88 (0.63, 1.21)
    Adjacent to metro 1.25 (0.76, 2.07) 0.74 (0.46, 1.18) 0.64 (0.37, 1.09) 0.62 (0.34, 1.13)
    Adjacent to micro 2.00 (0.95, 4.20) 0.96 (0.50, 1.83) 0.99 (0.48, 2.03) 0.93 (0.42, 2.07)
    Not adjacent/own town 2.10 (0.76, 5.79) 1.36 (0.45, 4.07) 1.17 (0.43, 3.20) 0.68 (0.16, 2.94)
    Remote 2.98*** (1.81, 4.90) 1.62 (0.89, 2.97) 0.98 (0.36, 2.67) 1.05 (0.31, 3.60)
Predisposing variables
    Married with spouse 0.70** (0.55, 0.89) 0.70** (0.56, 0.88) 0.75* (0.59, 0.96)
    Men 0.88 (0.70, 1.11) 0.86 (0.69, 1.07) 1.08 (0.86, 1.35)
    Age 18–39 1 1 1
    Age 40–64 2.89*** (1.89, 4.41) 2.91*** (1.96, 4.34) 2.01** (1.29, 3.15)
    Age 65–74 24.23*** (15.33, 38.28) 22.58*** (15.00, 33.99) 9.26*** (5.75, 14.91)
    Age 75+ 49.58*** (32.05, 76.69) 47.26*** (31.67, 70.53) 11.87*** (7.35, 19.18)
    White non-Hispanic 1.65* (1.00, 2.72) 1.65 (1.00, 2.74) 1.54 (0.91, 2.60)
    Black non-Hispanic 1.78 (1.00, 3.16) 1.65 (0.92, 2.97) 1.29 (0.72, 2.33)
    Hispanic 0.96 (0.52, 1.79) 0.88 (0.47, 1.63) 1.03 (0.55, 1.93)
    Other ethnicity 1 1 1
    Education 0–8 1 1 1
    Education 9–11 0.84 (0.62, 1.14) 0.81 (0.60, 1.10) 0.98 (0.72, 1.35)
    High school 0.78 (0.56, 1.10) 0.78 (0.57, 1.08) 1.16 (0.83, 1.64)
    Some college 0.94 (0.68, 1.80) 0.94 (0.68, 1.29) 1.41 (1.00, 1.98)
    Medicaid 4.60*** (3.46, 6.11) 4.69*** (3.58, 6.13) 2.93*** (2.20, 3.89)
    Young with Medicare 10.25*** (6.50, 16.16) 9.46*** (6.27, 14.25) 2.68*** (1.84, 3.91)
    Private insurance 1.10 (0.87, 1.40) 1.12 (0.89, 1.43) 1.31* (1.03, 1.67)
    Below poverty 1.07 (0.80, 1.42) 1.09 (0.84, 1.42) 1.10 (0.83, 1.45)
    Professional 0.88 (0.58, 1.33) 0.86 (0.57, 1.31) 1.29 (0.85, 1.97)
    Seat belt 0.81 (0.64, 1.02) 0.81 (0.64, 1.01) 0.87 (0.69, 1.10)
    Smoking 0.92 (0.68, 1.26) 0.90 (0.67, 1.22) 0.96 (0.70, 1.28)
Enabling variables
    Median household income 0.98 (0.96, 1.00) 0.98 (0.95, 1.01)
    Percent below poverty 0.98 (0.94, 1.03) 0.97 (0.93, 1.02)
    RNs 1.03 (0.97, 1.10) 1.02 (0.96, 1.09)
    LPNs/VNs 0.79* (0.65, 0.97) 0.79* (0.65, 0.97)
    Aides 1.03 (0.99, 1.07) 1.03 (0.99, 1.08)
 Number of physicians   or doctors of osteopathy 0.99 (0.93, 1.04) 1.00 (0.95, 1.05)
    Hospital beds 1.00 (0.98, 1.03) 1.01 (0.98, 1.04)
    ER/trauma 1.86* (1.15, 3.00) 1.71* (1.03, 2.85)
    Skilled NH beds 1.04 (0.65, 1.66) 0.98 (0.62, 1.56)
    General NH beds 0.99* (0.98, 0.99) 0.99* (0.98, 1.00)
    Home health agencies 1.83** (1.21, 2.77) 1.70* (1.07, 2.73)
    Usual source 1.01 (0.83, 1.23) 1.02 (0.82, 1.26)
Illness variables
    ADL deficit 38.36*** (27.71, 53.10)
    IADL deficit 10.67*** (7.70, 15.17)
    Functional limitation 3.16*** (2.27, 4.40)
    Arthritis 1.32* (1.07, 1.64)
    Asthma 1.28 (0.92, 1.79)
    Diabetes 1.66*** (1.30, 2.12)
    Emphysema 1.03 (0.66, 1.60)
    Heart disease 1.46** (1.16, 1.84)
    High blood pressure 1.02 (0.79, 1.31)
    Stroke 1.23 (0.88, 1.71)
Perceived health 0.71** (0.55, 0.91)
    Model F and significance (5, 232) 4.34*** (23, 214) 32.08*** (35, 206) 26.94*** (46, 191) 41.97***
    F and significance of added block NA (18, 236) 41.18*** (12, 236) 2.97*** (11, 236) 79.10***
    Significant Wald post-estimation tests d*, g** g*
    Block 1 F and significance after adding   other variables in each model NA (5, 236) 0.93, p = .46 (5, 236) 0.65, p = .66 (5, 236) 0.61, p = .69

Notes: aAdjusted for the MEPS complex sample design. Population weights are applied to produce national estimates for noninstitutionalized persons age 18 and older. Significance levels: * = .05, ** = .01, *** = .001. No interaction terms were statistically significant. Model-adjusted Wald postestimation tests of differences: a = micro versus adjacent to metro, b = micro versus adjacent to micro, c = micro versus not adjacent to own town, d = micro versus remote, e = adjacent to metro versus adjacent to micro, f = adjacent to metro versus not adjacent to own town, g = adjacent to metro versus remote, h = adjacent to micro versus not adjacent to own town, i = adjacent to micro versus remote, and j = not adjacent to own town versus remote.