Table 2.

Background and Inference Means by Age Group (Experiment 2)

	Young		Young-Old		Old-Old
	N = 33		N = 31		N = 31		ANOVA
	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	F(2, 92)	η2
Background
Vocabulary	17.61	4.85	20.77	7.75	20.52	7.89	2.08	.043
MMSE	29.24ab	0.75	28.00a	1.50	27.79b	1.62	10.96***	.192
SR-average	9.03a	1.31	7.61a	1.46	5.69ab	2.23	30.77***	.401
SR-delayed	8.82ab	2.47	6.45a	2.60	4.58b	3.42	17.73***	.278
Category Fluency	18.48a	3.89	17.86b	3.58	14.88ab	3.04	9.38***	.169
Rdg Frq	5.18bc	4.50	10.03a	6.68	10.77a	6.93	8.00***	.148
Daily Frq	2.97bc	2.02	6.42a	1.37	5.52a	2.39	26.48***	.365
Inference types by specificity
Necessary	17.94	12.19	13.65	8.46	17.84	12.54	ns	.031
Specific	13.97	10.79	10.29	6.94	13.00	9.38	ns	.029
Generalized	3.97	3.29	3.35	2.85	4.84	4.80	ns	.026
Elaborative	61.88	24.18	53.42a	24.42	74.74a	26.95	5.64**	.109
Specific	47.91	17.67	39.42a	20.84	55.58a	20.66	5.20**	.102
Generalized	13.97	8.86	14.00	6.53	19.16	10.79	3.54*	.071
Specific total	61.88	20.04	49.71a	22.80	68.58a	23.78	5.76**	.111
Generalized total	17.94	9.46	17.35a	7.92	24.00a	13.45	3.82*	.077
Inference total	79.82	26.52	67.06a	27.23	92.58a	32.26	6.11**	.117
Word counts	130.22	68.41	111.16	72.52	138.30	71.22	ns	.025

Notes: MMSE = Mini-Mental State Exam. SR = selective reminding. Rdg Freq = how many times a week read for 30 min or more. Daily Frq = how many days a week a newspaper or magazine is read. Matching subscripts across rows indicate significant mean differences.

*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.